Refractive surgery is an ever-evolving field and is no longer limited to laser vision correction. The refractive surgery alliance lists eight forms of vision correction: LASIK, PRK, SMILE, corneal inlays, phakic IOLs, refractive lens exchange, refractive cataract surgery, and CXL. With such a wide array of procedures, proper planning and preparation are paramount to a surgeon’s success. Providing excellent visual acuity to patients can be one of the most rewarding yet challenging endeavors that refractive surgeons undertake. Vision is both an objective and a subjective experience, and patient expectations are higher than ever. Excellent and immediate visual acuity is anticipated. Therefore, refractive surgeons must not only learn new surgical skills, but also improve their clinical knowledge about the current technological advancements.

The biggest current challenge in the field of refractive surgery is that patient’s expectations are extremely high and a very high level of expertise in treatment planning and surgical skills is required from the surgeon’s perspective in order to meet these expectations. In addition, one needs to have in-depth knowledge about the various refractive procedures, the machines and equipment used for treatment planning, and the technologies behind these procedures, etc. This field is becoming increasingly machine-based, wherein most of our pre-operative decision making is dependent on the knowledge of the principles behind these machines. As such, modern refractive surgeons need to stay updated in order to make sensible decisions while utilizing these technologies.

This Special Issue aims to discuss the latest topics related to laser vision correction, presbyopia management, phakic IOLs, and presbyopia-correcting multifocal intraocular lenses through a variety of original research and review articles. We aim to provide the readers with a comprehensive overview of some of the advanced concepts in refractive surgery that will be beneficial day-to-day clinical practice and will further improve knowledge and understanding of refractive surgery.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Corneal biomechanics: methods of evaluation, pros and cons of different technologies to measure corneal biomechanics, and their applications
• Aberrations: various equipment used to measure aberrations of the eye, and how to use aberrations while planning cataract and refractive surgery
• Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK): the latest in PRK, and pain management in PRK
• LASIK: the latest in LASIK, Contoura vision LASIK, complication management in LASIK
• SMILE: latest concepts in the SMILE technique, long term results with SMILE, interesting cases/complication management in SMILE
• Presbyopia: various laser platforms/techniques for presbyopia management and their pros and cons
• PRESBYOND LASIK: outcomes, reading speeds, and functional vision after PRESBYOND LASIK
• Corneal Inlays: long-term outcomes of corneal inlays for presbyopia
• Phakic IOLs: dealing with sizing issues with phakic IOLs
• Excimer laser technology: differences and comparison of outcomes with LASIK performed with different excimer laser technologies
• Femtosecond laser technology: concepts of energy optimization of femtolasers
• Multifocal IOLs: advancements, clinical outcomes, and newer extended depth of intra-ocular lenses