Macular diseases include a wide range of diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic maculopathy, retinal venous occlusions, and central serous chorioretinopathy and can affect patients of different age groups. Age related macular degeneration is the leading cause of visual acuity decline and legal blindness in patients aged above 65 in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema is also a leading cause of visual decline in younger patients, especially in developing countries. Other macular diseases (retinal venous occlusions and central serous chorioretinopathy) can also result in decrease of visual acuity.

In recent years, major clinical trials showed encouraging results in treating patients with intravitreal injections in many macular diseases. The results of real life studies were less encouraging, and this difference was mainly attributed to a decreased number of injections received by patients.

This special issue aims to report real life results of macular diseases in different countries and according to different treatment regimens. We will also focus on long term results in common macular diseases including age related macular degenerations and diabetic macular edemas. Functional and anatomical outcomes of long term real life treatment of macular disease with intravitreal injections will be reported in this issue. We welcome original research, review articles, and meta-analyses focusing on this important topic. We also welcome analysis of macular changes (e.g., macular atrophy, macular fibrosis) in patients treated with intravitreal injections.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Real life visual and anatomical outcomes in age related macular degenerations treated with intravitreal injections
• Real life visual and anatomical outcomes in diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal injections
• Real life visual and anatomical outcomes in central and branch venous occlusions treated with intravitreal injections
• Risk of macular atrophy in real life patients treated for age related macular degenerations
• Long term results of macular diseases treated with intravitreal injections