Research Article

PRO: A Novel Approach to Precision and Reliability Optimization Based Dominant Point Detection

Table 2

Quantitative comparison of the results of Experiment 2 for standard digital curves [14, 16]. ( : number of dominant points).

MPLSMRLSMPDCMRDCADR ISEFOMTime (sec)

ChromosomeNumber of pixels = 61
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.00560.00740.59020.27740.153811.01390.178935
 PRO0.60.56060.50000.35590.28210.19670.894411.00880.46180.045411
 PRO1.00.92500.82000.40220.32220.18032.121316.30880.34000.042310
 RDP10.56060.50000.35590.28210.19670.894411.00880.46180.047911
 RDP21.25661.00320.71420.70650.14752.000059.99610.11300.03108
 RDP31.43201.58001.12930.96620.11482.301691.18030.09560.02356
 Masood [14]0.52980.39620.26070.22100.19671.23627.62330.66680.236811
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]0.97981.10680.41030.39460.18031.585523.74350.23360.029310
 Marji and Siy [41]0.52980.39620.32520.26500.18031.236210.00670.554211
 Teh and Chin [9]3.00755.79310.50100.69400.22955.3852124.81020.034914
 Ansari and Huang [10]0.94871.10000.35440.32260.27871.581116.16700.221917
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [12]0.38350.29410.20870.15930.31150.68605.12270.626719
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [42]0.35890.24590.21710.16010.31150.64024.88970.656619
 Arcelli and Ramella [43]1.43201.54050.69430.57150.13112.301644.22270.17248
 Sarkar [13]0.31010.23530.13410.15110.32790.55473.85670.790820
 Cronin [11]0.31620.25000.14000.10810.29510.63253.18121.065318

LeafNumber of pixels = 124
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.00360.00390.45160.27740.153814.39290.342755
 PRO0.60.56210.60000.32570.29350.17741.052521.69530.25980.091121
 PRO1.00.81650.78380.41230.37950.15321.315236.69930.17780.071218
 RDP10.56210.60000.30200.26790.18550.993919.17220.28120.101322
 RDP21.36511.11420.51720.49180.13712.000065.46870.11140.059816
 RDP31.36511.11420.51720.49180.13712.000065.46870.11140.059816
 Masood [14]0.42430.39090.22230.19830.18550.948712.70750.42430.613722
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]0.51640.46980.26520.24310.16940.989916.81550.35120.068120
 Marji and Siy [41]0.72590.60340.40560.36050.14521.295731.38750.219518
 Teh and Chin [9]0.56210.54880.20620.23390.24191.052518.55080.222830
  Ansari and Huang [10]0.79061.50000.26650.26660.24191.414224.16750.171030
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [12]0.56480.54100.21330.20690.25810.995915.34560.252532
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [42]0.61120.54100.20270.19930.26611.114215.06090.249533
 Arcelli and Ramella [43]1.36511.10410.49990.49680.13711.950864.24610.113517
 Sarkar [13]0.61120.51720.28350.26140.19351.114218.03330.286524
 Cronin [11]0.48730.45000.17000.13970.23390.94878.98100.476129

SemicircleNumber of pixels = 103
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.01780.01900.43690.27740.61543.71940.254544
 PRO0.60.55660.41480.30250.27320.15531.586018.12980.35510.071515
 PRO1.00.95390.84000.45470.39550.12621.555633.78120.23450.049412
 RDP10.48510.34480.26040.21590.18451.000013.65770.39690.081418
 RDP20.95390.84000.45470.39550.12621.555633.78120.23450.049512
 RDP31.68841.76920.71320.59870.10682.604777.79920.12040.037410
 Masood [14]0.50860.40540.13890.10210.26211.15085.39360.70730.440526
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]0.49880.43900.22550.20610.21360.883511.94120.39210.051421
 Marji and Siy [41]0.72590.60340.40560.36050.14521.295731.38750.219516
 Teh and Chin [9]0.56210.54880.20620.23390.24191.052518.55080.222824
 Ansari and Huang [10]0.79061.50000.26650.26660.24191.414224.16750.171029
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [12]0.56480.54100.21330.20690.25810.995915.34560.252530
 B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray [42]0.61120.54100.20270.19930.26611.114215.06090.249528
 Arcelli and Ramella [43]1.36511.10410.49990.49680.13711.950864.24610.113510
 Sarkar [13]0.61120.51720.28350.26140.19351.114218.03330.286520
 Cronin [11]0.48730.45000.17000.13970.23390.94878.98100.476131

InfinityNumber of pixels = 46
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.00700.01010.63040.27740.153810.31030.153228
 PRO0.60.56840.53850.31280.23410.21741.10946.29770.73040.03299
 PRO1.00.87930.71230.48300.42640.17391.638619.94820.28820.02227
 RDP10.47580.35850.30420.24580.21740.97136.67350.68930.03639
 RDP20.87930.71230.48300.42640.17391.638619.94820.28820.02257
 RDP31.54791.54790.97600.81470.13042.340853.82200.14280.01955
 Masood [14]0.72680.58460.35560.30960.19571.403310.24820.49870.15038
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]1.12430.96000.69110.58710.15221.800031.68660.20740.02666

DogNumber of pixels = 458
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.00550.00620.46720.27740.92312.31851.6761213
 PRO0.60.59430.50980.27480.24670.12881.448673.66510.10540.348558
 PRO1.00.98410.87140.56260.46350.08732.1374207.86830.05510.217839
 RDP10.83210.75000.28290.23970.13321.000071.73640.10470.368960
 RDP21.27741.16470.52980.43410.09171.9524190.93510.05710.228341
 RDP31.89321.65000.81700.68670.07642.8460454.17390.02880.208334
 Masood [14]0.37800.30000.12030.11550.22491.000021.30560.208726.4447102
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]0.92380.78440.33490.31520.11571.7171115.33010.07490.645252

Maple leafNumber of pixels = 504
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.00940.01130.50000.27741.84621.08332.1433251
 PRO0.60.57740.50000.28150.23790.12501.230869.14120.11570.404262
 PRO1.00.96230.70560.47760.40430.08532.0000191.91780.06110.262742
 RDP10.56060.46670.25430.21760.13291.000058.84000.12780.435566
 RDP21.08710.95420.50280.44670.08132.0000218.74810.05620.243640
 RDP31.67861.52441.05330.87350.04562.8943724.61120.03020.135622
 Masood [14]0.70710.66670.20030.17420.13891.000036.78850.195752.644969
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]1.95241.61001.13090.96020.04373.3661871.95680.02630.795421

AfricaNumber of pixels = 431
 PRO0.20.19610.15380.01230.01320.44780.27741.84621.20961.4901192
 PRO0.60.55720.45950.32550.29270.09051.386883.40130.13250.213238
 PRO1.00.97460.89850.55180.43550.06032.0000175.18300.09460.132225
 RDP10.64170.50000.27550.24500.11141.000061.30820.14650.281847
 RDP21.00240.89850.59300.47580.05801.9723203.45290.08470.124624
 RDP31.44041.25740.68650.54690.05342.4244274.54630.06830.118522
 Masood [14]0.48800.38140.21470.19090.12061.015336.38780.227826.022251
 Carmona-Poyato et al. [16, 19]0.93540.78030.48610.40230.06032.0000148.25420.11180.591525