Research Article

The Oslo Health Study: A Dietary Index Estimating Frequent Intake of Soft Drinks and Rare Intake of Fruit and Vegetables Is Negatively Associated with Bone Mineral Density

Table 3

Four different linear regression models of the association between the Dietary Indexa and distal bone mineral density, as influenced by increasing number of possible confounding variables.

B (SE)βtP

Model (1) (adjusted for gender and age group) −0.024
(0.007)
−0.050 −3.238 <.001
Model (2) (+ weight + height) −0.026
(0.007)
−0.054 −3.490 <.001
Model (3) (+ years at school) −0.024
(0.008)
−0.052 −3.210.001
Model (4) (+ smokingb + alcoholc. leisure time physical activity)d −0.023
(0.008)
−0.050 −3.003.003

aThe Dietary Index is the sum of intake frequency estimates of 2 diet items (colas and non-cola soft drinks) divided by the sum of intake estimates of 4 items (fruit/berries, cooked vegetables, raw vegetables/salads, and fruit juice). There were 5 response alternatives for beverages and 6 for the food items (see Section 2).
bnever smoker versus current or previous.
c1–7 times per week versus less frequent.
dLeisure time physical activity 0, <1, 1-2, 3 or more hours per week.
Unstandardized (B) and standardized (β) regression coefficients are shown.