A Systematic Review of Osteoporosis Health Beliefs in Adult Men and Women
Table 1
Mean scores for osteoporosis health belief subscales of descriptive studies.
Osteoporosis health belief subscale scores (mean and SD)
Author, year
Gender, sample size, and age
Susceptibility
Seriousness
Benefits calcium
Benefits exercise
Barriers calcium
Barriers exercise
Health motivation
Total scoreb
Bogoch et al., 2008a
Men and women, , mean age men 65.02 (SD 10.06) yrs and women 64.79 (SD 13. 54) yrs.
2.9 (0.9)
2.7 (0.8)
3.8 (0.6)
3.9 (0.6)
2.1 (0.6)
2.2 (0.6)
3.8 (0.6)
NR
Carlsson et al., 2004
Men, and women, , ages 22–76 yrs.
11.2
19.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
18.7
NA
Cadarette et al., 2004
Women, , ages 61–93 yrs.
17.6 (5.5)
16.0 (3.4)
21.2 (3.3)
23.2 (3.0)
13.5 (3.3)
15.3 (3.9)
24.8 (2.8)
NR
Cline and Worely, 2006
Women, , ages 45-plus.
14.6
14.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
15.0
NA
Doheny et al., 2007
Men, , age 50- plus; Women, , ages 50–65 yrs.
Men: 14.5 (4.5)*
Men: 17.3 (4.1)*
Men: 22.0 (2.8)*
Men: 24.3 (2.9)
Men: 13.2 (3.6)*
Men: 11.5 (3.9)*
Men: 24.1 (3.3)*
NR
Women: 17.1 (5.3)
Women: 18.7 (4.1)
Women: 22.6 (3.5)
Women: 24.4 (3.1)
Women: 12.4 (3.9)
Women: 12.4 (4.5)
Women: 23.4 (3.4)
Doheny et al., 2010c
Men, , mean age 65.84 (SD 9.25) yrs.
NR
NR
22.0 (2.8)
24.4 (2.9)
13.0 (3.7)
11.3 (3.9)
24.2 (3.2)
NR
Elliott et al., 2006
Men, and women, , mean age 45 (SD 12.9) yrs.
Men: 17.2 (5.4)
Men: 19.4 (4.3)
Men: 22.3 (3.9)
Men: 21.9 (4.1)
Men: 15.6 (3.9)*
Men: 13.9 (4.9)
Men: 23.7 (4.3)
NR
Women: 19.2 (5.3)
Women: 19.2 (4.8)
Women: 23.3 (3.8)
Women: 22.7 (3.9)
Women: 13.3 (4.6)
Women: 14.2 (7.4)
Women: 22.9 (3.8)
Estok et al., 2007c
Women, , mean age 56.65 (SD 3.93) yrs.
17.0 (5.6)
18.7 (4.0)
22.7 (3.5)
24.5 (3.2)
12.3 (3.8)
12.4 (4.5)
23.4 (3.4)
NR
Johnson et al., 2008
Men and women, (50 per age group), ages 18–25, 30–50, 50-plus yrs.
Men: 8.6 (3.4)*, 10.6 (4.7), 11.4 (4.1)
Men: 13.8 (3.6), 15.4 (3.1), 14.8 (4.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Men: 20.2 (4.0), 18.9 (3.9), 19.2 (3.7)
NR
Women: 10.9 (4.0)*, 13.6 (5.0), 14.5 (5.3)
Women: 15.6 (3.8), 14.9 (3.5), 15.8 (5.2)
Women: 19.2 (4.4), 19.2 (3.8), 20.2 (3.2)
Lee et al., 2006
Men, , mean age 73.12 (SD 6.42) yrs.
16.3 (3.8)
18.2 (4.3)
22.3 (2.7)
22.9 (2.9)
14.1 (2.9)
13.6 (2.8)
23.2 (3.0)
130.9 (12.9)
Sedlak et al., 2000a
Men, , 65-plus yrs (58% 65–75 yrs).
2.2 (0.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Swaim et al., 2008a
Women, , mean age 75.4 (SD 6.5).
3.1 (0.7)
3.4 (0.7)
3.8 (0.6)
3.9 (0.6)
2.5 (0.7)
2.5 (0.7)
3.9 (0.5)
NR
Tan et al., 2009
Women, , mean age 51 (SD 9) yrs.
19.5 (5.0)
18.5 (5.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
21.5 (1.2)
NR
Wallace et al., 2002d
Women, ; low CA/EX group () and high CA/EX group (), mean age 28.34 (SD 10.23) yrs.
Low CA/EX: 18.3 (4.6)
Low CA/EX: 18.8 (4.2)
Low CA/EX: 24.3 (3.1)
Low CA/EX: 24.7 (3.4)
Low CA/EX: 14.4 (3.6)*
Low CA/EX: 14.8 (4.0)*
Low CA/EX: 20.9 (3.7)
NR
High CA/EX: 17.6 (4.6)
High CA/EX: 20.2 (4.2)
High CA/EX: 25.5 (3.2)
High CA/EX: 25.9 (3.2)
High CA/EX: 10.7 (4.1)
High CA/EX: 9.9 (3.4)
High CA/EX: 24.0 (3.6)*
aOn a scale from 1 to 5.
bRange of total score is 42 to 210.
cExperimental study, but reported only descriptive results of entire study population for OHBS.
dLow CA/EX: low calcium intake (<1200 mg/day) and exercise (<90 min/wk), high CA/EX: high calcium intake (≥1200 mg/day) and exercise (≥90 min/wk). Note: range for each subscale score is 6 to 30 unless otherwise noted. SD: standard deviation, NA: not assessed in the study, NR: not reported.
*Significant difference () between groups.
