A Systematic Review of Osteoporosis Health Beliefs in Adult Men and Women

Table 4

Mean scores for osteoporosis self-efficacy subscales of intervention studies.

Osteoporosis self-efficacy subscale scores (mean and SD)
Author, year	Gender, sample size (treatment/control), and age	Intervention type	Self-efficacy calcium	Self-efficacy exercise	Total score
Piaseu et al., 2001^c	Women; 𝑛=100 (50/50), mean age 18.48 (SD 0.6) yrs.	RCT; 3-hr education program (demonstration, lecture, discussion).	T = 94.0 (8.6)*	T = 78.3 (9.0)*	NR
			C = 65.5 (14.2)	C = 57.7 (13.7)
Sedlak et al., 1998^b	Women; 𝑛=31 (18/13), 18-plus yrs (65% ages 18-19 yrs).	RCT; 3 education sessions (discussion, demonstration, lecture).	T = 460.2	T = 425.2	T = 885.4^d (161.2)
			C = 465.8	C = 496.5	C = 962.3 (146.5)
Tung et al., 2006^a	Men, 𝑛=128 (64/64), mean age 40.81 (SD 13.46) yrs.	RCT; 2-hr education program (discussion demonstration, lecture).	NR	NR	T = 731.1^d; C = 770.6

^a12-item subscale used; score ranges from 0 to 100.
^b12-item subscale used; score ranges from 0 to 600.
^c21-item subscale used; score ranges from 0 to 100.
^dRange of total score for 12-item questionnaire is 0 to 1200.
^eRange of total score for 21-item questionnaire is 0 to 2100.
Note: SD: standard deviation, DXA: dual X-ray absorptiometry, NA: not assessed in the study, NR: not reported, T: treatment, C: control.
*Significant difference (𝑃<0.05) between groups.