Research Article
What Accounts for Rib Fractures in Older Adults?
Table 2
Association of specific risk factors at baseline with subsequent rib fracture risk among 351 Rochester, Minnesota, women and 348 Rochester men.
| | Risk factor | | | | | | Women | Men | | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age | | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| | Age (per 10-year increase) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4)*** | — | 1.5 (1.2–1.9)*** | — | | Prior osteoporotic fracture‡ (yes, no) | 4.7 (2.3–9.5)*** | 2.2 (1.1–4.3)* | 2.5 (0.8–7.6) | 1.5 (0.5–4.4) | | Prior rib fracture (yes, no) | 5.1 (2.2–12)*** | 2.5 (1.2–5.3)* | 2.1 (0.7–6.3) | 1.2 (0.4–3.6) | | Alcohol consumption (yes, no) | 1.6 (0.6–4.4) | 2.7 (0.98–7.3) | 0.8 (0.2–3.4) | 0.9 (0.2–4.4) | | Heavy alcohol use (yes, no) | 2.6 (1.01–6.5)* | 2.0 (0.7–5.9) | 2.8 (1.2–6.8)* | 2.1 (0.9–4.7) | | Cigarette smoking (yes, no) | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | 2.2 (1.04–4.7)* | 1.9 (0.8–4.4) | 1.5 (0.7–3.5) | | Body mass index (per unit increase) | 0.9 (0.9–1.01) | 0.9 (0.8–1.01) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | | Physical activity (per SD decrease) | 2.3 (1.3–3.8)** | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 2.1 (1.4–3.4)*** | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | | Risk factors for 2° osteoporosis (yes, no) | 4.1 (1.9–8.6)*** | 2.1 (0.98–4.5) | 2.2 (0.98–5.0) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | | Risk factors for falling (yes, no) | 5.6 (1.4–23)* | 2.1 (0.5–8.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | | Any fall in past year (yes, no) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | | Femoral neck BMD (per 1 SD decrease) | 3.1 (2.1–4.7)*** | 1.7 (1.05–2.9)* | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | | Lumbar spine BMD (per 1 SD decrease) | 1.9 (1.3–2.9)** | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | | Ultradistal radius BMD (per 1 SD decrease) | 2.9 (2.0–4.3)*** | 1.9 (1.2–3.2)* | 1.4 (0.96–2.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | | Ribs BMD (per 1 SD decrease) | 2.3 (1.2–4.6)* | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
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‡Hip, spine, or wrist fracture due to only moderate trauma.
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