Black Tea May Be a Prospective Adjunct for Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Early Menopausal Bone Loss in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Table 3

Urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and hydroxyproline; calcium : creatinine (Ca : Cr) ratio; and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities in the sham-operated control group (Group A), bilaterally ovariectomized group (Group B), ovariectomized + BTE-supplemented group (Group C), and ovariectomized + estradiol-treated group (Group D) of rats.

Parameters	Sham-control; (Group A)	Ovariectomized; (Group B)	Ovariectomized + BTE; (Group C)	Ovariectomized + estradiol; (Group D)	Significance; level*	Significance level**
						Gr. A versus Gr. B	Gr. B versus Gr. C	Gr. B versus Gr. D	Gr. C versus Gr. D
Urinary parameters
Calcium (mg/24 h)	0.83±0.06	2.27±0.24	0.90±0.09	0.89±0.06	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	NS
Phosphate (mg/24 h)	2.74±0.4	4.99±0.18	2.00±0.14	1.76±0.32	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	NS
Hydroxyproline (mg/24 h)	0.31±0.04	0.69±0.07	0.36±0.05	0.30±0.03	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	NS
Creatinine (mg/24 h)	1.08±0.12	2.10±0.07	1.00±0.08	1.21±0.14	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	NS
Ca : Cr	0.73±0.05	1.14±0.08	0.84±0.09	0.77±0.08	𝑃<0.05	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.05	𝑃<0.05	NS
Serum parameters
AP activity (U/L)	151.07±5.58	196.03±8.3	156.70±1.6	100.28±8.45	𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
TRAP activity (U/L)	0.825±0.061	1.725±0.082	0.975±0.122	0.792±0.077	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	NS

Values are expressed as mean ± SE (𝑛=6). *denotes significance level based on the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test and **denotes significance level based on the Mann-Whitney 𝑈 multiple-comparison test. NS denotes not significant.