|
| Gene name (protein name) | Up- (↑) or down- (↓) regulation in low BMD | Biomolecule/omics method | Ethnicity/average age or age range/menopausal status | Functions relevant to osteoclastogenesis | Author, year |
|
| GCR (glucocorticoid receptor) | ↑ | mRNA/Affymetrix HGU133A
GeneChip® array
| Caucasian/range: 47–55 years/pre- & postmenopause | Response to steroid hormone stimulus, regulating the expression of STAT1 | Liu et al., 2005 |
|
| HDC (histidine decarboxylase) | ↑ | mRNA/Affymetrix HGU133A
GeneChip array
| Caucasian/range: 47–55 years/pre- & postmenopause | Histamine biosynthetic process | Liu et al., 2005 |
|
| CXCL3 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3) | ↑ | mRNA/Affymetrix HGU133A
GeneChip array
| Caucasian/range: 47–55 years/pre- & postmenopause | Inflammatory response, prochemotactic | Liu et al., 2005 |
|
| SOD2 (manganese containing superoxide dismutase) | ↑ | Protein/2-dimensional electrophoresis | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Removal of superoxide radicals by production of hydrogen peroxide | Deng et al., 2008 |
|
| GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase 1) | ↓ | Protein/2-dimensional electrophoresis | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Cellular hydrogen peroxide detoxification | Deng et al., 2008 |
|
| P4HB (prolyl 4-hydroxylase b subunit) | ↓ | Protein/2-dimensional electrophoresis | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Protein folding | Deng et al., 2008 |
|
| RSU1 (Ras suppressor protein 1) | ↑ | Protein/2-dimensional electrophoresis | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Promotes cell-substrate adhesion | Deng et al., 2008 |
|
| GSN (gelsolin) | ↑ ↓ | Protein/2-dimensional electrophoresis | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Actin polymerization and promigratory, podosome assembly | Deng et al., 2008 |
| Protein/LC-nano-ESI-MS | Caucasian/average 51 years/premenopause | Coregulator of androgen receptor | Deng et al., 2011 |
|
| STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) | ↑ | mRNA/Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip array | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Response to interferons, antiviral defence | Lei et al., 2009 |
|
| GBP1 (guanylate binding protein 1) | ↑ | mRNA/Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip array | Chinese/range: 20–45 years/premenopause | Antiviral defence, immunity | Lei et al., 2009 |
|
| ANXA2 (Annexin A2) | ↑ | Protein/LC-nano-ESI-MS | Caucasian/average 68.2 years/postmenopause | Angiogenesis, transendothelial migration, osteoclast formation | Deng et al., 2011 |
|
| miR-133a (microRNA 133a) | ↑ | Small noncoding RNA/ABI TaqMan® miRNA array | Caucasian/average age: 62.6 years/postmenopause | Target genes such as CXCL11 and SLC39A1 inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and CXCR3 expression reduces from monocyte to osteoclast differentiation | Wang et al., 2012 |
|
| miR-422a (microRNA 422a) | ↑ | Small noncoding RNA/ABI TaqMan miRNA array | Caucasian/average: 62.6 years/postmenopause | Target genes such as CBL, CD226, PAG1, and TOB2 inhibit osteoclastogenesis, while IGF-1 couples the process of bone remodeling | Cao et al., 2014 |
|
| HSPB1 (heat shock protein beta-1) | ↑ | Protein/4-plex iTRAQ LC-MS/MS | Indian/range: 30–40 & 50–60 years/pre- & postmenopause | Stress response, antiapoptotic, promigratory, proadhesive | Daswani et al., 2015 |
|
| PLK3 (polo-like kinase 3) | ↓ | mRNA/Affymetrix 1.0 ST arrays | Caucasian/range: 47–56 years/pre- and postmenopause | Proapoptotic, cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage | Liu et al., 2015 |
|
