Colliding Epidemics: Research Gaps and Implementation Science Opportunities for Tobacco Use and HIV/AIDS in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Table 1
Research needs along the implementation continuum for tobacco cessation among PLWH in LMICs.
Preimplementation
Adaptation
Barriers and facilitators
Scale up and integration
Research targets
(i) Identify factors that influence likelihood of cessation in PLWH in LMICs (ii) Develop and test novel, targeted interventions for PLWH in LMICs (iii) Explore use of digital technologies for increasing reach or impact of interventions
(i) Adaptation of evidence-based interventions for PLWH from high-income settings to LMICs (ii) Adaptation of interventions previously tested in other challenging or low resource environments to PLWH in LMICs (iii) Adaptation of interventions to integrate tobacco cessation into the TB treatment context in LMICs for application in HIV clinics and treatment settings
(i) Understand the influence of local, contextual factors (such as tobacco use patterns) on tobacco cessation among PLWH in LMICs (ii) Understand individual, clinic, community, and policy barriers to tobacco cessation interventions for PLWH in LMICs (iii) Identify unique opportunities for intervention delivery (such as at the point of diagnosis)
(i) Evaluation of strategies to integrate and scale up tobacco cessation into existing HIV treatment settings (ii) Evaluation of implementation of guidelines for tobacco cessation in HIV treatment settings (iii) Understanding fidelity of implementation of tobacco cessation in the HIV context
Methods and frameworks
Application of social and behavioral theories and frameworks Studies of efficacy and effectiveness
Framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions (FRAME) Transferability (PIET-T model)
Exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) Consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)
Reach effectiveness adoption implementation maintenance (RE-AIM) Hybrid study designs
