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| | Illustrated examples of preconception care interventions |
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| Nutritional conditions | Supply iron and folic acid
Screen for anaemia
Monitor nutritional status
Provide nutrition education, and counselling |
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| Vaccine-preventable diseases | Vaccinate against rubella, tetanus, and hepatitis B |
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| Genetic conditions | Provide genetic screening, counselling and testing where needed
Discuss reproductive outcomes and options and provide the appropriate services |
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| Environmental health | Provide guidance on how to avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation, pesticides and lead
Promote the use of improved stoves and cleaner liquid/gaseous fuels |
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| Infertility/subfertility | Increase awareness and understanding on infertility and sub-fertility
Screen, diagnose and treat for infertility and sub-fertility |
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| Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) | Increase awareness and understanding on female genital mutilation
Screen to detect complications and provide information on where to get treatment
Carry out defibulation of infibulated or sealed girls and women
Treat complications |
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| Too-early, unwanted, and rapid successive pregnancies | Educate girls and boys about sexuality
Provide contraceptive information and services
Link health service provision to activities aimed at:
(i) reducing marriage before the age of 18 years;
(ii) keeping girls in school |
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| Sexually transmitted infections | Provide age-appropriate sexual health education and safer sex promotion
Promote condoms
Screen and treat for sexually transmitted infections |
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| HIV | Provide age-appropriate sexual health education and safer sex promotion
Provide HIV counselling and testing
Provide treatment for HIV-related illnesses when needed
Enrol women in mother to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes, antenatal care programmes and provide family planning services |
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| Interpersonal violence | Recognize signs of violence against women
Provide medical and psychosocial care
Link health service provision to activities aimed at:
(i) changing harmful gender norms;
(ii) bringing about gender equality;
(iii) empowering girls and women economically |
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| Mental health | Provide information and counselling
Diagnose and manage mental health and neurological conditions
Link health service provision to activities aimed at strengthening community networks and women’s empowerment |
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| Psychoactive substance abuse | Screen for and—where needed—treat substance abuse
Provide information and counselling to reduce substance use |
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| Tobacco use | Screen for tobacco use (smoking and smokeless tobacco)
Provide information and counselling on tobacco cessation
Provide information on the dangers of second-hand smoke |
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