Retrospective analysis. Infants born with GS between 1990 and 2000
113
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s -test, and Fisher’s exact tests and linear and logistic regression used for statistical analysis; = significant
IUGR
Number of surgeries Days on TPN Days to full PO Days NPO Length of stay (days)
Retrospective review from January 1998 to August 2004. All neonates delivered with GS and admitted to Vanderbilt University Medical Centre
72
Binary variables analyzed with Fisher’s exact test; continuous variables analyzed by logistic regression; Wilcoxon’s rank sum test determined if the number of days to complete closure and LOS was different between neonates with and without atresia; = significant
Retrospective review of all infants born with GS at King’s College Hospital (UK) from August 1994 to December 2007
46
Data quoted as median (range)
IABD > 10 mm Growth restrictions Hyperperistalsis
Closing gastroschisis (defined as circumferential or partial closure of the ring around protruding bowel associated with intestinal atresia, bowel ischemia, bowel necrosis, or viable intestine)
Retrospective analysis of all GS patients born between January 1990 and December 2007 admitted at NICU of the Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis Campus
155
Normality of data examined using Shapiro-Wilk test; nonnormal distributed variables were summarized as median and range; univariate analyses performed using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum or Fisher’s exact tests; linear regression used to determine association between parenteral nutrition and LOS; variables associated with LOS at were included in multiple regression; = significant
AFI <5th percentile AC <5th percentile Dilated intestine (>10 mm, >18 mm)
GI complication
Requiring a silo Primary repair
Dilated intestine >10 mm Dilated intestine >18 mm None
Retrospective cohort study at Washington University Medical Center from 1991 to 2006
80
Univariable and multivariable statistical analysis; backward stepwise logistic regression used to identify variables in final prediction model; = significant in univariate analysis; predictive effectiveness of final model evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC)
Dilated bowel >10 mm Dilated stomach IUGR Hyperperistalsis AFI anomalies
Retrospective review of pregnancies complicated by GS between 2000 and 2008
74
Categorical data analyzed with Fisher’s exact test; statistical normality evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk statistic; continuous variables that were normally distributed compared using Student’s -test and continuous variables not normally distributed compared using Wilcoxon rank sum; = significant
AC <2.5th percentile
Mortality Primary closure Necrotizing enterocolitis Short gut syndrome LOS Days intubated Days until room air oxygen Days until full enteral feeding Days on TPN ∗∗Other outcomes examined but all found to be NS
Retrospective study of singleton neonates with GS delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital with postnatal care at the Hospital for Sick Kids in Toronto, Canada, from January 2001 to February 2010
98
Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test used for categorical data; continuous variables presented as mean SD; continuous variables compared used Student’s -test or Mann-Whitney test; conventional values corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method; = significant
Gastric dilatation >2 SD above normal value SGA <5th percentile Polyhydramnios (>25 cm)
Meconium stained amniotic fluid Intestinal atresia, necrosis, or perforation Need for intestinal resection Age at full enteral feeding (days) LOS (days) Short bowel syndrome Neonatal death ∗∗Other outcomes noted at but NS
Retrospective study of all GS cases between November 1998 and September 2008
48
Categorical data compared with Fisher’s exact test; normality of continuous data tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test; comparisons carried out using Student’s -test or Mann-Whitney test; = significant
IABD > 6 mm EABD > 6 mm
Bowel obstruction Bowel resection Second laparotomy Time in NICU (days) ∗∗Other outcomes looked at but no value reported as they were NS
Retrospective study of singletons with a prenatal diagnosis of GS at a tertiary center for fetal medicine in Brazil from January 1997 to August 2009
94
Cut-off value for prediction determined in ROC curve; cases grouped according to bowel dilatation and compared with chi-square and Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney test
Bowel dilatation >25 mm
Intrauterine fetal death (IUD) Neonatal death (NND) Volvulus Perforation Any bowel complications Atresia Necrosis Time to oral feeding (days) LOS (days)
Retrospective study of all cases of isolated GS diagnosed antenatally from 2004 to 2008
47
Spearman correlations used to explore relationships between antenatal findings and outcome measurements. Differences between groups examined with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests; -value <0.05 = significant
IABD > 10 mm EABD > 10 mm Both IABD and EABD
Type of surgical repair (primary, silo, patch, or stoma) Days on TPN Complications Death
Retrospective case-control study of all antenatal diagnoses of isolated GS from 1999 to 2010
105
Normality of continuous data tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test; between-group comparisons using Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, or Student’s -test; relationship between prenatal ultrasound markers, complex GS and adverse outcome tested by chi-square test and logistic univariate and multivariate regression; all values <0.05 = significant
Thickened intestinal wall IABD > 6 mm EABD > 6 mm Dilated stomach Stomach herniation SGA
Cases of antenatally diagnosed GS were identified from an in-house database of antenatal ultrasound scans performed in the Fetal Management Unit at St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, from January 1998 to December 2007
170
Chi-square test used to compare categorical outcomes and Fisher exact test used where numbers of included individuals were <10; Mann-Whitney test used for nonparametric data; value <0.05 = significant
Bowel dilatation >20 mm
GA at delivery Days on PN Death Surgery for IF BW at delivery Intestinal atresia
Retrospective cohort study of six singletons with GS associated with secondary fetal bladder herniation managed at a tertiary referral center between 2001 and 2010
Retrospective review of all cases of GS evaluated prenatally at the Center for Advanced Maternal Fetal Care, September 2007–June 2010
89
Categorical data compared with chi-square test, Student’s -test; < 0.05 = significant; linear regression used to estimate association between days in NICU and presence of any bowel dilatation
Bowel dilatation (IABD, EABD, or both) >10 mm
Gestational age at birth Birth weight at delivery Length of NICU admission Number of surgeries
Retrospective cohort study, patients carrying singletons diagnosed with GS, at Washington University Medical Center Division of Ultrasound and Genetics from 2001 to 2010
94
Normality tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Student’s -tests and Mann-Whitney tests used to compare continuous variables; chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests used to compare dichotomous categorical variables