Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions among Indian Pregnant Women

Table 1

Prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunctions across trimesters in percentage (%).

Dysfunctions	First trimester; ( = 30)	Second trimester ( = 65)	Third trimester ( = 116)
Low back pain	3.3	42	33.7
Pelvic girdle pain	3.3	37	32.5
Knee joint pain	3.3	7.7	7.8
Ankle joint pain	3.3	6.2	5.8
Hip joint pain	0	4.7	12.1
Pubic symphysis pain	0	0	10.4
Neck pain	0	6.2	2.5
Foot pain	13.3	17	37.1
Foot muscle cramps	3.3	9.3	15.1
Calf muscle cramps	26.7	47.8	64.6
Thigh muscle cramps	3.3	1.5	1.7
Tingling & numbness in lower limbs	10	15.4	4.3
Carpal tunnel syndrome	0	9.3	5.1
Stiffness in upper limb joints	0	0	7.7
Stiffness in lower limb joints	0	0	1.7
Coccydynia	0	1.5	1.7
Upper back pain	0	0	3.4
Trapezius spasm	0	1.5	1.7