Predictors of Gestational Weight Gain among White and Latina Women and Associations with Birth Weight

Table 3

Multivariate analysis of predictors of gestational weight gain status in overall study sample ().

Variable	Adjusted OR for GWG below guidelines		Adjusted OR for GWG above guidelines
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	value
GWG during the 1st trimester
Within guidelines	Reference	<0.0001		<0.0001
Above guidelines	0.29 (0.08–1.01)		4.92 (2.75–8.81)
Below guidelines	3.01 (1.33–6.81)		0.39 (0.21–0.74)
Prepregnancy BMI
18.5–24.9	Reference	0.0072	Reference	<0.0001
≤18.4	5.26 (1.37–20.17)		0.19 (0.06–0.58)
25.0–29.9	0.83 (0.27–2.58)		3.44 (1.82–6.50)
≥30.0	3.47 (1.38–8.70)		4.55 (2.29–9.04)
Ethnicity
White	Reference	0.9446	Reference	0.0069
Latina	0.97 (0.43–2.17)		0.46 (0.26–0.81)
Tobacco use
No	Reference	0.0402	Reference	0.2008
Yes, past	0.26 (0.07–0.99)		1.09 (0.49–2.42)
Yes, this pregnancy	1.77 (0.64–4.84)		2.01 (0.93–4.31)
Alcohol use
No	Reference	0.5637	Reference	0.1978
Yes, past	1.69 (0.64–4.49)		1.15 (0.57–2.30)
Yes, this pregnancy	0.85 (0.05–13.18)		0.15 (0.02–1.29)
Age group
25–29	Reference	0.2141	Reference	0.1470
15–19	3.07 (0.87–10.91)		1.50 (0.61–3.67)
20–24	1.35 (0.45–4.04)		0.83 (0.40–1.74)
30–34	0.60 (0.20–1.76)		0.52 (0.25–1.08)
≥35	0.50 (0.10–2.44)		1.18 (0.49–2.86)
Insurance
Commercial/private	Reference	0.3929	Reference	0.1126
Public	1.58 (0.55–4.57)		1.75 (0.88–3.50)
Employment at onset
Employed	Reference	0.2533	Reference	0.2683
Not employed	1.63 (0.71–3.76)		1.39 (0.77–2.50)
Parity
0	Reference	0.9476	Reference	0.5305
1	0.93 (0.38–2.29)		0.94 (0.51–1.74)
2	1.24 (0.42–3.61)		0.73 (0.34–1.61)
3 or more	1.28 (0.35–4.59)		0.52 (0.20–1.30)
Obstetric provider
Private	Reference	0.0255	Reference	0.3441
Hospital clinic	0.35 (0.14–0.89)		0.75 (0.41–1.37)
Psychiatric medications
No	Reference	0.6482	Reference	0.2837
Yes	0.67 (0.12–3.72)		0.51 (0.15–1.73)
Psychiatric diagnosis
None	Reference	0.6362	Reference	0.5163
Anxiety	2.08 (0.25–17.06)		1.26 (0.25–6.50)
Depression	1.14 (0.37–3.52)		1.27 (0.60–2.67)
Other	3.16 (0.42–23.92)		3.57 (0.66–19.31)