Acceptability and Preferences among Men and Women for Male Involvement in Antenatal Care
Table 2
Characteristics of men’s attendance and women’s invitation of men to antenatal care ().
Men
Women
Characteristics
History of attending ANC
Never attended ANC
value
Women who invited partner to ANC
Women who had not invited partner to ANC
value
Age in years, (%)
18–24
3 (10.3)
6 (5.1)
0.45
23 (24.0)
19 (37.3)
0.16
25–34
10 (34.5)
36 (30.5)
58 (60.4)
23 (45.1)
35 and over
16 (55.2)
76 (64.4)
15 (15.6)
9 (17.6)
Education, (%)
None/primary
12 (41.4)
43 (36.4)
0.03
16 (16.7)
4 (7.8)
0.10
Secondary
7 (24.1)
56 (47.5)
38 (39.6)
29 (56.9)
Matriculated secondary/tertiary
10 (34.5)
19 (16.1)
42 (43.7)
18 (35.3)
Country of origin, (%)
South Africa
16 (55.2)
63 (53.4)
0.52
56 (58.3)
32 (62.7)
0.50
Zimbabwe
6 (20.7)
35 (29.7)
28 (29.2)
16 (31.4)
Other
7 (24.1)
20 (16.9)
12 (12.5)
3 (5.9)
Number of living children, (%)
None
—
—
0.48
24 (25.0)
13 (25.5)
0.82
One
6 (20.7)
29 (28.2)
39 (40.6)
23 (45.1)
Two or more
23 (79.3)
74 (71.8)
33 (34.4)
15 (29.4)
Talk to partner about HIV, (%)†,‡
Yes
26 (92.0)
89 (89.0)
0.73
87 (93.5)
38 (84.4)
0.12
No
2 (7.1)
11 (11.0)
6 (6.5)
7 (15.6)
HIV status, (%)
HIV positive
12 (41.4)
63 (53.4)
0.30
50 (52.1)
24 (47.1)
0.61
HIV negative/unknown
17 (58.6)
55 (46.6)
46 (47.9)
27 (52.9)
Disclosed HIV status to most recent partner, (%)
Yes
12 (100.0)
50 (82.0)
0.19
41 (83.7)
16 (66.7)
0.13
No
0 (0.0)
11 (18.0)
8 (16.3)
8 (33.3)
Relationship duration with partner, (%)†
<2 years
1 (3.6)
8 (8.0)
0.68
15 (15.6)
10 (21.3)
0.48
≥2 years
27 (96.4)
92 (92.0)
81 (84.4)
37 (78.7)
Pregnant at time of HIV diagnosis
—
—
—
Yes
—
—
—
—
13 (54.2)
<0.01
No
—
—
—
—
11 (45.8)
Level of financial support from partner
—
—
—
None/some
—
—
—
34 (36.2)
21 (44.7)
0.36
A lot of support
—
—
—
60 (63.8)
26 (55.3)
Level of emotional support from partner†, ††
—
—
—
None/some
—
—
—
42 (45.2)
23 (48.9)
0.72
A lot of support
—
—
—
51 (54.8)
24 (51.1)
values were estimated using Fisher’s exact tests. Invitation data were missing for 3 men () and 3 women (). Among men with living children (). †Among those in relationships: men, ; women, in relationships; ‡missing for /143 women in relationships; §among those in relationships and known to be living with HIV: men, ; women, ; missing for woman; ||among women living with HIV, ; missing for ; ††missing for .
