Monitoring Fetal Heart Rate during Labor: A Comparison of Three Methods

Table 2

Performance of abdominal fetal ECG and ultrasound compared to fetal scalp electrode.

All stages	All subjects			Obese subjects: BMI ≥ 30
	Ultrasound	afECG		Ultrasound	afECG
	()			()
PPA (%)		83.4 ± 15.4	<0.0001	58.1 ± 25.8	84.4 ± 14.6	<0.0001
RMSE (bpm)	14.3 ± 8.2	4.8 ± 2.0	<0.0001	15.6 ± 8.1	4.8 ± 2.1	<0.0001
Stage 1	()			()
PPA (%)	61.3 ± 29.6	86.3 ± 14.7	<0.0001	55.6 ± 28.8	79.1 ± 13.3	<0.0001
RMSE (bpm)	13.6 ± 7.9	5.0 ± 2.0	<0.0001	15.5 ± 8.1	4.9 ± 2.0	<0.0001
Stage 2	()			()
PPA (%)	64.5 ± 18.5	77.5 ± 15.1	<0.003	64.0 ± 15.3	79.1 ± 13.3	<0.007
RMSE(bpm)	15.8 ± 8.4	5.0 ± 2.0	<0.0001	15.7 ± 7.9	4.9 ± 2.0	<0.0002

Monitoring uterine activity during labor.