Review Article
Prediction of Preterm Birth: Maternal Characteristics, Ultrasound Markers, and Biomarkers: An Updated Overview
Table 1
Risk factors for preterm birth (adopted from Koulali and Frey) [
5,
6].
| | Maternal characteristics |
| | Family history of preterm birth |
| | Low socio-economic status |
| | Low educational attainment |
| | Maternal age (low and high) |
| | Ethnicity |
| | Stress |
| | Depression |
| | Tobacco use |
| | Low body mass index |
| | Infections (genitourinary or extra genital) |
| | Periodontal disease |
| | Uterine anomalies |
| | History of cervical excisional procedures/surgery (LEEP/conization) |
| | Reproductive history |
| | Prior preterm birth |
| | Prior stillbirth/ Pregnancy loss >16 weeks GA |
| | Induced abortion |
| | Cervical insufficiency |
| | Current pregnancy characteristics |
| | Vaginal bleeding |
| | Use of assisted reproductive technologies |
| | Multiple gestation |
| | Polyhydramnios |
| | Short cervical length |
|
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