Maternal Hepatitis B Infection Burden, Comorbidity and Pregnancy Outcome in a Low-Income Population on the Myanmar-Thailand Border: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 2
Association between HBV infection and comorbidity during pregnancy.
Controls
HBsAg+/HBeAg-
HBsAg+/HBeAg+
OR (95CI), P value
n=10,338
n=476
n=211
control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg-
control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg+
Malaria
273/10,338 (2.6)
6/476 (1.3)
8/211 (3.8)
0.47 (0.21-1.06), 0.070
1.45 (0.71-2.98), 0.307
Febrile illness pregnancy
599/10,338 (5.8)
15/476 (3.2)
11/211 (5.2)
0.53 (0.31-0.89), 0.119
0.89 (0.49-1.65), 0.721
Soil transmitted helminth
1957/8,201 (23.9)
86/416 (20.7)
47/177 (26.6)
0.83 (0.65-1.06), 0.136
1.15 (0.82-1.62), 0.407
Hookworm
563/8,201 (6.9)
20/416 (4.8)
9/177 (5.1)
0.73 (0.46-1.15), 0.169
0.77 (0.39-1.51), 0.447
Ascaris Lumbricoides
1,245/8,201 (15.2)
55/416 (13.2)
36/177 (20.3)
0.85 (0.64-1.14), 0.276
1.43 (0.98-2.07), 0.061
Trichuris Trichiura
377/8,201 (4.6)
13/416(3.1)
10/177 (5.6)
0.67 (0.38-1.17), 0.162
1.23 (0.65-2.37), 0.510
Anemia in pregnancy
1477/10,325 (14.3)
58/475 (12.2)
35/211 (16.6)
0.83 (0.63-1.10), 0.202
1.19 (0.83-1.72), 0.350
Pregnancy induced hypertension
834/10,338 (8.1)
39476 (8.2)
16/211 (7.6)
1.02 (0.73-1.42), 0.921
0.94 (0.56-1.56), 0.798
Eclampsia or Preeclampsia
1,000/10,338 (9.7)
44/476 (9.2)
21/211 (10.0)
0.95 (0.69-1.31), 0.756
1.03 (0.66-1.63), 0.890
Diabetes in pregnancy
539/7,932 (6.8)
22/409 (5.4)
5/171(2.9)
0.78 (0.50-1.21), 0.266
0.41 (0.17-1.01), 0.053
HBsAg negative. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation, GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. Missing values: anemia (n=14), soil transmitted helminths (n=2,231) with 2137,60,34 in each group, respectively. Pregnancy inducted hypertension and eclampsia or preeclampsia are mutually exclusive: final hypertension diagnosis was the most severe form observed in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes screening (75g OGTT) commenced in August, 2013, hence having lower denominator; cases included 12 women in control group with diabetes at first ANC.