Research Article

Maternal Hepatitis B Infection Burden, Comorbidity and Pregnancy Outcome in a Low-Income Population on the Myanmar-Thailand Border: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Association between HBV infection and comorbidity during pregnancy.

ControlsHBsAg+/HBeAg- HBsAg+/HBeAg+OR (95CI), P value
n=10,338n=476n=211control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg- control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg+

Malaria273/10,338 (2.6)6/476 (1.3)8/211 (3.8)0.47 (0.21-1.06), 0.0701.45 (0.71-2.98), 0.307

Febrile illness pregnancy599/10,338 (5.8)15/476 (3.2)11/211 (5.2)0.53 (0.31-0.89), 0.1190.89 (0.49-1.65), 0.721

Soil transmitted helminth1957/8,201 (23.9)86/416 (20.7)47/177 (26.6)0.83 (0.65-1.06), 0.1361.15 (0.82-1.62), 0.407

 Hookworm563/8,201 (6.9)20/416 (4.8)9/177 (5.1)0.73 (0.46-1.15), 0.1690.77 (0.39-1.51), 0.447

 Ascaris Lumbricoides1,245/8,201 (15.2)55/416 (13.2)36/177 (20.3)0.85 (0.64-1.14), 0.2761.43 (0.98-2.07), 0.061

 Trichuris Trichiura377/8,201 (4.6)13/416(3.1)10/177 (5.6)0.67 (0.38-1.17), 0.1621.23 (0.65-2.37), 0.510

Anemia in pregnancy1477/10,325 (14.3)58/475 (12.2)35/211 (16.6)0.83 (0.63-1.10), 0.2021.19 (0.83-1.72), 0.350

Pregnancy induced hypertension834/10,338 (8.1)39476 (8.2)16/211 (7.6)1.02 (0.73-1.42), 0.9210.94 (0.56-1.56), 0.798

Eclampsia or Preeclampsia1,000/10,338 (9.7)44/476 (9.2)21/211 (10.0)0.95 (0.69-1.31), 0.7561.03 (0.66-1.63), 0.890

Diabetes in pregnancy539/7,932 (6.8)22/409 (5.4)5/171(2.9)0.78 (0.50-1.21), 0.2660.41 (0.17-1.01), 0.053

HBsAg negative.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation, GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.
Missing values: anemia (n=14), soil transmitted helminths (n=2,231) with 2137,60,34 in each group, respectively.
Pregnancy inducted hypertension and eclampsia or preeclampsia are mutually exclusive: final hypertension diagnosis was the most severe form observed in pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes screening (75g OGTT) commenced in August, 2013, hence having lower denominator; cases included 12 women in control group with diabetes at first ANC.