Maternal Hepatitis B Infection Burden, Comorbidity and Pregnancy Outcome in a Low-Income Population on the Myanmar-Thailand Border: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 3
Association between HBV infection and pregnancy outcomes.
Controls
HBsAg+/HBeAg-
HBsAg+/HBeAg+
Overall P value
Crude OR (95 CI), P value
n=10,338
n=476
n=211
control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg-
control vs. HBsAg+/HBeAg+
Maternal deaths
6/10,388 (0.6%)
2/476 (0.4%)
0
too few cases
too few cases
too few cases
Miscarriage (1st ANC Trimester 1)
832/4,190 (19.9%)
48/206 (23.3%)
15/83 (18.1%)
0.435
1.23 (0.88-1.71), 0.226
0.94 (0.71-1.25), 0.690
Delivered
n=9.326
n=419
n=188
Gestation, weeks mean ± SD (min-max)
39.0 ± 1.7 (28.0-44.2)
39.1 ± 1.7 (28.1-43.2)
39.1 ± 1.3 (33.3-41.5)
p= 0.228
p= 0.350
Preterm birth, (<37 wks)
671/9,326 (7.2%)
26/419 (6.2%)
8/188 (4.3%)
0.230
1.17 (0.78-1.76), 0.442
1.32 (0.93-1.89), 0.126
Stillbirth
82/9,323 (0.9%)
4/419 (1.0%)
1/188 (0.5%)
0.898
1.09 (0.40-2.98), 0.872
0.60 (0.08-4.35), 0.616
Congenital abnormality
193/9,322 (2.1%)
7/418 (1.7%)
2/188 (1.1%)
0.487
0.81 (0.38-1.72), 0.577
0.71 (0.35-1.44), 0.344
If liveborn, normal singleton
n=9,058
n=408
n=185
Weighed in 72 hrs of birth
8,420/9,065 (93.0%)
380/408 (93.1%)
167/185 (90.3%)
0.317
0.97 (0.66-1.44), 0.896
1.19 (0.93-1.53), 0.159
Birthweight, grams mean ± SD (min-max)
2,998 ± 452 (700-5,350)
3,044 ± 432 (1,000-4,340)
3,012 ± 417 (1,840-4,140)
p= 0.046
p=0.670
Small for gestational age
1,566/8,395 (18.7%)
54/378 (14.3%)
30/166 (18.1%)
0.100
0.73 (0.54-0.97), 0.264
0.98 (0.80-1.20), 0.849
Large for gestational age
196/8,395 (2.3%)
8/378 (2.1%)
4/166 (2.4%)
1.17 (0.91-1.50), 0.228
0.93 (0.44-1.98), 0.851
Delivered by Caesarean section
480/8,417 (5.7%)
34/379 (9.0%)
8/167 (4.8%)
0.329
1.61 (1.13-2.30), 0.064
0.95 (0.50-1.81), 0.876
Neonatal death
44/6,533 (0.7%)
3/324 (0.9%)
0/137
too few cases
too few cases
too few cases
HBsAg negative. Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation, GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. Values reported as mean ± SD were compared with t test, proportions with Chi-square test, median with Mann-Whitney U test: with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing if p<0.05.
