Research Article
Inadequate Prenatal Visit and Home Delivery as Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes: Does Parity Matter?
Table 2
Obstetric characteristics of respondents by perinatal outcomes in HUCSH & AGH, Southern Ethiopia, September 2018.
| | Variables | Adverse perinatal outcomes, n (%) | P value | | Yes (115) | No (346) |
| | Gravidity | | | | | 2-4 | 60 (19.93) | 241 (80.07) | 0.001 | | >4 | 55 (34.38) | 105 (65.63) | |
| | Parity | | | | | Low multipara | 61 (20.07) | 243 (79.93) | 0.001 | | Grand multipara | 54 (34.39) | 103 (65.61) | |
| | Number of live births | | | | | <5 | 75 (22.73) | 255 (77.27) | 0.081 | | ≥5 | 40 (30.53) | 91 (69.47) | |
| | Past obstetric complications | | | | | Yes | 46 (28.57) | 115 (71.43) | 0.188 | | No | 69 (23.00) | 231 (77.00) | |
| | Type of complications | | | | | Abortion | 18 (23.08) | 60 (76.92) | 0.028 | | IUFD | 21 (42.86) | 28 (57.14) | | | Preterm delivery | 2 (50.00) | 2 (50.00) | | | Instrumental delivery | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.67) | | | Cesarean section | 10 (29.41) | 24 (70.59) | | | Others+ | 9 (42.86) | 12 (57.14) | |
| | Previous medical illness | | | | | Yes | 12 (36.36) | 21 (63.64) | 0.116 | | No | 103 (24.07) | 325 (75.93) | |
| | Type of medical illnesses | | | | | Hypertension | 3 (21.43) | 11 (78.57) | 0.367 | | Diabetes mellitus | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.67) | | | Cardiac disease | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.67) | | | Others++ | 7 (53.85) | 6 (46.15) | |
| | ANC visit | | | | | Yes | 108 (26.60) | 298 (73.40) | 0.026 | | No | 7 (12.73) | 48 (87.27) | |
| | GA at first booking | | | | | ≤16 weeks | 34 (25.37) | 100 (74.63) | 0.694 | | >16 weeks | 74 (27.21) | 198 (72.79) | |
| | Number of ANC visits | | | | | 1-3 | 51 (39.23) | 79 (60.77) | 0.001 | | ≥4 | 57 (20.65) | 219 (79.35) | |
| | Place of delivery | | | | | Home | 46 (36.22) | 81 (63.78) | 0.001 | | Health Institutions | 69 (20.66) | 265 (79.34) | |
| | Mode of delivery (before this birth) | | | | | Vaginal | 108 (26.28) | 303 (73.72) | 0.058 | | Cesarean section | 7 (14.00) | 43 (86.00) | |
| | Distance from nearest health facility | | | | | <15 minutes | 16 (26.67) | 44 (73.33) | 0.780 | | 15-30 minutes | 26 (27.08) | 70 (72.92) | | | >30 minutes | 73 (23.93) | 232 (76.07) | |
| | Contraceptive use | | | | | Yes | 77 (25.50) | 225 (74.50) | 0.706 | | No | 38 (23.90) | 121 (76.10) | |
| | Type of contraception | | | | | Injectable | 51 (24.64) | 156 (75.36) | 0.723 | | Implants | 11 (26.83) | 30 (73.17) | | | OCPs | 10 (24.39) | 31 (75.61) | | | IUCD | 4 (44.44) | 5 (55.56) | | | Natural method | 1 (25.00) | 3 (75.00) | |
| | Planned pregnancy | | | | | Yes | 79 (23.87) | 252 (76.13) | 0.393 | | No | 36 (27.69) | 94 (72.31) | |
| | GA for this birth | | | | | Preterm | 14 (63.64) | 8 (36.36) | 0.001 | | Term | 37 (15.16) | 207 (84.84) | | | Post term | 10 (62.50) | 6 (37.50) | |
| | Newborn sex | | | | | Male | 70 (28.93) | 172 (71.07) | 0.03 | | Female | 45 (20.55) | 174 (79.45) | |
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AGH: Adare General Hospital; HUCSH: Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; +early neonatal death, infant death, congenital malformation, ectopic pregnancy; ++hyperthyroidism, Deep Vein Thrombosis, acute abdomen, syphilis, Retroviral infection; Fisher’s exact test; ANC: Antenatal Care; IUFD: intrauterine fetal demise; OCPs: oral contraceptive pills; IUCD: intrauterine contraceptive device; GA: gestational age. |
