Research Article
Lifetime Prevalence of Abortion and Risk Factors in Women: Evidence from a Cohort Study
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of the sampled population and the results of the logistic regression model for risk factors of spontaneous abortion.
| | Variables | Total | Abortion | Abortion ratio | Adjusted | | (%) | (prevalence) | Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) |
| | Total (%) | 4831 (100) | 1241 (25.7) | 0.10 (0.2) | | | Menstruation start age | | <12 years | 1031 (21.4) | 276 (26.8) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1 | | 13-16 years | 3472 (72.2) | 891 (25.7) | 0.11 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | | >17 years | 306 (6.4) | 64 (20.9) | 0.07 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | | Pregnancy number | | 1-3 | 1799 (37.3) | 255 (14.2) | 0.09 (0.2) | 1 | | 4-5 | 1376 (28.5) | 420 (30.5) | 0.14 (0.3) | 4.5 (3.7-5.5) | | ≥6 | 1648 (34.2) | 558 (33.8) | 0.10 (0.2) | 8.3 (6.6-10.5) | | First pregnancy age (year) | | 15 | 611 (12.7) | 169 (27.6) | 0.08 (0.2) | 1 | | 15-20 | 2469 (51.2) | 620 (25.1) | 0.09 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.8-1.2) | | 21-25 | 1159 (24.1) | 286 (24.7) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.9-1.6) | | ≥26 | 581 (12.1) | 155 (26.7) | 0.20 (0.4) | 1.9 (1.3-2. 8) | | First marriage age (year) | | ≥15 | 1406 (29.1) | 375 (26.7) | 0.08 (0.2) | 1 | | 16-20 | 2338 (48.4) | 593 (25.4) | 0.10 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.4) | | 21-25 | 728 (15.1) | 174 (23.9) | 0.12 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | | ≥26 | 358 (7.4) | 98 (27.4) | 0.19 (0.4) | 1.6 (1.0-2.4) | | Level of education | | Illiterate | 1791 (37.3) | 433 (24.1) | 0.06 (0.1) | 1 | | 1-5 years | 2202 (45.9) | 582 (26.4) | 0.12 (0.3) | 1.8 (1.5-2.1) | | 6-9 years | 461 (9.6) | 123 (26.8) | 0.14 (0.3) | 2.4 (1.8-3.2) | | 10-12 years | 243 (5.1) | 62 (25.5) | 0.18 (0.4) | 2.4 (1.6-3.5) | | ≥13 years | 111 (2.1) | 41 (36.9) | 0.23 (0.3) | 3.5 (2.1-5.8) | | Place | | Urban | 2083 (58.0) | 772 (34.7) | 0.12 (0.3) | 1 | | Rural | 1507 (42.0) | 469 (31.1) | 0.09 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | | Consanguineous marriage | | No | 3608 (74.8) | 934 (25.9) | 0.10 (0.2) | 1 | | First degree | 678 (14.1) | 172 (25.4) | 0.11 (0.3) | 0.9 (0. 8-1.2) | | Second degree | 541 (11.1) | 135 (2.9) | 0.09 (0.2) | 0.9 (0. 8-1.2) | | Smoking status | | No | 4548 (94.4) | 1166 (25.6) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1 | | Current | 105 (2.2) | 22 (20.1) | 0.05 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) | | Former | 165 (3.4) | 48 (29.1) | 0.07 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | | Secondhand smoking | | No | 2446 (50.6) | 599 (24.5) | 0.10 (0.2) | 1 | | Yes | 2385 (49.4) | 642 (26.9) | 0.11 (0.3) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | | BMI | | <18.9 | 52 (1.1) | 7 (14) | 0.09 (0.2) | 1 | | 19-24.9 | 965 (20.1) | 229 (23.7) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.8-4.6) | | 25-29.9 | 1952 (40.6) | 504 (25.8) | 0.12 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.96-4.9) | | 30-34.9 | 1381 (28.8) | 380 (27.5) | 0.09 (0.2) | 2.4 (1.1-5.5) | | >35 | 452 (9.4) | 115 (25.4) | 0.9 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.9-5.3) | | Physical activity daily METs | | 24-36.5 | 1036 (21.4) | 261 (25.2) | 0.11 (0.3) | 1 | | 36.6-44.9 | 3302 (68.4) | 862 (26.1) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | | ≥45 | 492 (10.2) | 118 (23.9) | 0.08 (0.2) | 1.0 (0. 8-1.4) | | Use contraceptive drug | | No | 812 (16.8) | 240 (29.5) | 0.13 (0.3) | 1 | | Yes | 4013 (83.2) | 996 (24.8) | 0.10 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.6-0.9) | | Socioeconomic status | | 1st quantile (the poorest) | 968 (20.1) | 236 (24.4) | 0.08 (0.2) | 1 | | 2nd quantile | 966 (20.0) | 222 (22.9) | 0.09 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | | 3rd quantile | 962 (19.9) | 242 (25.1) | 0.09 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | | 4th quantile | 968 (20.1) | 248 (25.6) | 0.11 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | | 5th quantile (the richest) | 962 (19.9) | 291 (30.2) | 0.15 (0.3) | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | | Thyroid | | No | 4546 (94.1) | 1159 (25.5) | 0.10 (0.3) | 1 | | Hypo | 261 (5.4) | 73 (27.9) | 0.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | | Hyper | 24 (0.5) | 9 (37.5) | 0.14 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.7-4.5) | | Blood pressure | | No | 4465 (92.7) | 1158 (25.9) | 0.11 (0.2) | 1 | | Yes | 353 (7.33) | 76 (21.5) | 0.12 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.5-0.8) | | Goodness of fit model | | Sensitivity | 19.15% | | | | | Specificity | 95.25% | | | | | Accuracy | 75.97% | | | | | Positive predictive value | 57.79% | | | | | Negative predictive value | 77.63% | | | |
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