| | Variables | Perinatal mortality | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | | Cases () (%) | Controls ()
(%) |
| | Place of residence | | | | | | Rural | 102 (85.0) | 268 (74.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Urban | 18 (15.0) | 92 (25.6) | 0.51 (0.30, 0.90) | 0.92 (0.39, 2.18) | | Age of mother | | | | | | < 20 years | 4 (3.3) | 15 (4.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | ≥ 20 years | 116 (96.7) | 345 (95.8) | 1.27 (0.41, 3.88) | 1.75 (0.49, 6.21) | | Maternal education | | | | | | No formal education | 74 (61.7) | 190 (52.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Primary (grades 1-8) | 39 (32.5) | 139 (38.6) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.54, 6.21) | | Secondary or above (≥9th) | 7 (5.8) | 31 (8.6) | 0.58 (0.25, 1.37) | 1.23 (0.40, 3.81) | | Wealth index (tertiles) | | | | | | Poorest | 55 (45.8) | 143 (39.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Middle | 28 (23.4) | 66 (18.4) | 1.10 (0.64, 1.90) | 1.28 (0.68, 2.41) | | Richest | 37 (30.8) | 151 (41.9) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.03) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.47) | | Distance from health facility | | | | | | ≤ 2 hours | 10 (8.3) | 59 (16.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | > 2 hours | 110 (91.7) | 301 (83.6) | 2.16 (1.07, 4.36) | 1.43 (0.50, 4.14) | | ANC visit | | | | | | No ANC at all | 51 (42.5) | 88 (24.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 1-3 visits | 45 (37.5) | 154 (42.8) | 0.50 (0.31, 0.81) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) | | 4 or more visits | 24 (20.0) | 118 (32.8) | 0.35 (0.20, 0.61) | 0.46 (0.23, 0.91) | | Knowledge of danger signs | | | | | | Poor knowledge | 115 (95.8) | 294 (81.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Good knowledge | 5 (4.2) | 66 (18.3) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.06) | 0.27 (0.10, 0.75) | | Birth attendant | | | | | | Nonskilled attendant | 90 (75.0) | 204 (56.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Skilled birth attendant | 30 (25.0) | 156 (43.3) | 0.44 (0.27, 0.69) | 0.34 (0.19, 0.61) | | Parity | | | | | | Primipara (1st birth) | 35 (29.2) | 61 (16.9) | 2.61 (1.56, 4.37) | 3.38 (1.90, 6.00) | | 2-4 births | 51 (42.5) | 232 (64.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | > 4 births | 34 (28.3) | 67 (18.6) | 2.31 (1.38, 3.85) | 1.83 (1.12, 3.14) | | Type of birth | | | | | | Singleton | 109 (90.8) | 355 (98.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Twins | 11 (9.2) | 5 (1.4) | 7.17 (2.44, 21.07) | 5.29 (1.46, 19.21) | | Previous history of perinatal mortality | | | | | | No | 107 (89.2) | 350 (97.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 13 (10.3) | 10 (2.8) | 4.25 (1.81, 9.97) | 3.33 (1.27, 8.72) | | Complication during labor | | | | | | No | 77 (64.2) | 304 (84.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 43 (35.8) | 56 (15.6) | 3.03 (1.90, 4.85) | 4.27 (2.40, 7.59) |
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