Yersinia enterocolitica: Epidemiological Studies and Outbreaks

Figure 3

Methods used for epidemiological studies of Y. enterocolitica-2. DNA colony hybridization assays [51, 65–70]; PCR based detection methods [11, 71–81]. (inv: gene for invasin, an outer membrane protein that is required for efficient translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelium; ail: gene for adhesin, an outer membrane protein that may contribute to adhesion, invasion and resistance to complement-mediated lysis; yst: gene for heat-stable enterotoxin that may contribute to the pathogenesis of diarrhea associated with acute yersiniosis; virF: gene for transcriptional activator; yadA, gene for Yersinia adhesin A; PFGE: pulsed field gel electrophoresis).