Review Article

Toxoplasmosis and Polygenic Disease Susceptibility Genes: Extensive Toxoplasma gondii Host/Pathogen Interactome Enrichment in Nine Psychiatric or Neurological Disorders

Table 2

Results of the KEGG pathway analysis of the T. gondii host/pathogen interactome: Signalling networks, Tissue and cellular process, metabolism and neuronal related pathways. The number of genes recovered in each pathway is in brackets and the enrichment value from the CPDB analysis, provided where available, and significant values highlighted in bold.

Number of genes value

Signalling networks
 MAPK signalling pathway (72)8.43E06
 Jak-STAT signalling pathway (59)9.01E12
 Calcium signalling pathway (44)0.00797
 Insulin signalling pathway (34)
 Wnt signalling pathway (31)
 PPAR signalling pathway (29)1.36E05
 GnRH signalling pathway (28)
 ErbB signalling pathway (26)0.00146
 p53 signalling pathway (25)1.83E05
 VEGF signalling pathway (24)0.0017
 TGF-beta signalling pathway (19)
 Phosphatidylinositol signalling system (19)
 mTOR signalling pathway (15)
 Hedgehog signalling pathway (7)
 Notch signalling pathway (6)

Tissue process
 Osteoclast differentiation (61)7.00E17
 Vascular smooth muscle contraction (27)
 Bile secretion (25)
 Melanogenesis (25)
 Pancreatic secretion (23)
 Mineral absorption (22)
 Oocyte meiosis (21)
 Carbohydrate digestion and absorption (20)0.00207
 Protein digestion and absorption (20)
 Endocrine and other  factor-regulated calcium reabsorption (19)
 Olfactory transduction (17)
 Gastric acid secretion (17)
 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption(16)0.00283
 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation (16)
 Cardiac muscle contraction (13)
 Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation (10)
 Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption (9)
 Taste transduction (6)
 Vitamin digestion and absorption (6)
 Collecting duct acid secretion (4)
 Fat digestion and absorption (4)
 Dorso-ventral axis formation (4)
 Primary bile acid biosynthesis (2)
 Renin-angiotensin system (1)

Cellular process
 Focal adhesion (56)5.95E06
 Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)(50)5.84E10
 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (49)0.00475
 Apoptosis (45)1.75E15
 Endocytosis (42)
 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (33)
 Extracellular matrix-receptor interaction (31)2.29E06
 ABC transporters (23)
 Gap junction (22)
 Cell cycle (20)
 Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (20)
 Tight junction (18)
 RNA transport (16)
 Adherens junction (16)
 Peroxisome (15)
 Ribosome (14)
 Regulation of autophagy (11)
 Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (10)
 Spliceosome (10)
 Proteasome (10)
 RNA degradation (8)
 RNA polymerase (8)
 Base excision repair (8)
 Nucleotide excision repair (6)
 DNA replication (5)
 Circadian rhythm: mammal (4)
 Basal transcription factors (3)
 Protein export (3)
 mRNA surveillance pathway (3)
 Mismatch repair (2)
 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport (2)
 Homologous recombination (1)

Metabolism
 Purine metabolism (53)0.000397
 Pyrimidine metabolism (31)0.00305
 Arginine and proline metabolism (24)0.005
 Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis (23)0.0002
 Glutathione metabolism (21)0.0008
 Arachidonic acid metabolism (20)
 Glycerophospholipid metabolism (20)
 Tryptophan metabolism (19)0.002
 Oxidative phosphorylation (19)
 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (18)
 Inositol phosphate metabolism (14)
 Fatty acid metabolism (14)
 Galactose metabolism (13)
 Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (12)
 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (12)
 Starch and sucrose metabolism (12)
 Fructose and mannose metabolism (12)
 Tyrosine metabolism (12)
 Glycerolipid metabolism (12)
 beta-Alanine metabolism (11)
 Propanoate metabolism (10)
 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (10)
 Pyruvate metabolism (9)
 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (9)
 Drug metabolism, other enzymes (8)
 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis: (Cholesterol) Homo sapiens (human) (8)
 Pentose phosphate pathway (8)
 Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (8)
 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (8)
 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (8)
 Histidine metabolism (7)
 Butanoate metabolism (7)
 Cysteine and methionine metabolism (7)
 Drug metabolism: cytochrome P450 (7)
 Steroid hormone biosynthesis (7)
 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (7)
N = 6: One carbon pool by folate
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
Linoleic acid metabolism
Lysine degradation
Ether lipid metabolism 
N = 5: Sphingolipid metabolism
N-Glycan biosynthesis
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism 
N = 4: alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Retinol metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Fatty acid elongation
Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan degradation
Steroid biosynthesis
N = 3: Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: chondroitin sulfate
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
Mucin type O-Glycan biosynthesis
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
Selenocompound metabolism
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
N = 2: Vitamin B6 metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Cyanoamino acid metabolism
Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: heparan sulfate
D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis: ganglio series
Folate biosynthesis
Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis
Caffeine metabolism
Other glycan degradation
Sulfur metabolism
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis: globo series 
N = 1: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Sulfur relay system Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Lipoic acid metabolism Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis Lysine biosynthesis
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis: lacto and neolacto series: Glycosaminoglycan
Biosynthesis: keratan sulfate

Neuronal
 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (42)
 Dopaminergic synapse (39)0.00284
 Neurotrophin signalling pathway (35)0.00189
 Serotonergic synapse (31)
 Glutamatergic synapse (30)
 Cholinergic synapse (28)
 Amphetamine addiction (27)0.000172
 Retrograde endocannabinoid signalling (25)
 Axon guidance (24)
 Cocaine addiction (20)0.000885
 Long-term potentiation (19)
 Morphine addiction (18)
 GABAergic synapse (16)
 Long-term depression (15)
 Synaptic vesicle cycle (10)
 Nicotine addiction (2)
 Phototransduction (3)