Summarized formulation techniques of protein nanoparticles.
Emulsification method
Desolvation method
Complex coacervation method
Electrospray technique
An aqueous phase of albumin mixed in distilled water
Organic oil phases in which plant oil such as cotton seed oil (room temp.)
Take oil and water phase and mixed under mechanical homogenizer until an o/w emulsion was prepared
The emulsion will be added into the preheat oil over 120°C drop by drop
Now the rapid evaporation of existing water and albumin irreversible destructive
The nanoparticles are formed and were suspended into cold ice bath.
Desolvation agent such as natural salt or alcohol was added into the aqueous solution of albumin
Addition of desolvation agents, protein starts changing its structure slowly
At certain level protein clumps will be made and finally nanoparticles will be formed due to crosslinking. (To separate particles the turbidity of the system should be increased.)
Protein in aqueous solution was taken and while adjusting the pH, the particles with positive charge comes upwards
Now a mixture of DNA and salt solution was prepared and added into the above protein aqueous solution
By the interaction of DNA and protein complex coacervation occurs
Addition cross linker such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was done and cross linked DNA loaded protein nanoparticles was made. (In this last step DNA is physically entrapped in the protein matrix.)
In this method high voltage was applied to the protein solution supplied through an emitter which emits a liquid jet stream
Through a nozzle which helps to form an aerosolized size liquid consist of drug and nucleic acid
This technique is generally used for gliadin and elastin peptide nanoparticles
