Graphene Embedded Modulator with Extremely Small Footprint and High Modulation Efficiency
Figure 2
The real and imaginary part of effective modal index variation under different chemical potentials for graphene-embedded waveguide: (a) silicon waveguide with one layer graphene embedded, (b) silicon waveguide with two-layer graphene embedded, and (c) silicon waveguide with eight-layer graphene embedded. The insert pictures in (a), (b), and (c) show the schematics for waveguide structures. = 0.513 eV corresponds to the epsilon-near-zero point. The insert pictures of (d) and (e) are the 3D distribution of field-intensity of eV which corresponds to the ENZ point.
