Fascioliasis Control: In Vivo and In Vitro Phytotherapy of Vector Snail to Kill Fasciola Larva
Table 3
In vivo toxicity of different active components of plants products against the cercaria larva of Fasciola gigantica.
Exposure
Larvicidal (mg/L)
LC50
LCL
UCL
Slope value
t-ratio
-value
Heterogeneity
2 h
Citral
49.03
34.81
112.16
1.30 ± 0.34
3.80
0.26
0.14
Ferulic acid
2.53
0.13
4.19
1.57 ± 0.35
4.50
0.19
0.20
Umbelliferone
3.76
2.71
7.62
1.17 ± 0.33
3.56
0.30
0.17
Azadirachtin
0.43
0.31
0.90
1.29 ± 0.33
3.81
0.26
0.13
Allicin
2.80
1.75
7.00
0.79 ± 0.23
3.32
0.34
0.13
4 h
Citral
24.33
18.14
33.16
1.40 ± 0.33
4.24
0.21
0.13
Ferulic acid
1.65
1.26
2.31
1.43 ± 0.33
4.23
0.21
0.17
Umbelliferone
1.64
0.87
2.28
1.14 ± 0.32
3.50
0.31
0.14
Azadirachtin
0.23
0.16
0.32
1.22 ± 0.32
3.75
0.27
0.11
Allicin
1.06
0.50
1.60
0.92 ± 0.24
3.82
0.26
0.16
6 h
Citral
14.63
9.92
18.53
1.70 ± 0.34
4.46
0.15
0.12
Ferulic acid
0.98
0.65
1.26
1.53 ± 0.34
4.46
0.19
0.18
Umbelliferone
1.09
0.45
1.53
1.34 ± 0.33
3.96
0.24
0.09
Azadirachtin
0.14
0.07
0.19
1.26 ± 0.33
3.82
0.26
0.12
Allicin
0.42
0.10
0.74
1.02 ± 0.26
3.87
0.25
0.29
8 h
Citral
8.65
3.24
12.73
1.37 ± 0.34
3.94
024
0.19
Ferulic acid
0.59
0.27
0.82
1.54 ± 0.36
4.21
0.21
0.21
Umbelliferone
0.92
0.61
1.16
1.34 ± 0.33
5.78
0.11
0.30
Azadirachtin
0.09
0.05
0.12
1.94 ± 0.37
5.13
0.14
0.39
Allicin
0.38
0.16
0.58
1.65 ± 0.34
4.84
0.16
0.44
LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, neem oil, azadirachtin, and allicin. Six batches of 15 snails were exposed to different concentration of the above molluscicidal treatments. Mortality of cercaria was recorded every 2 h. Concentrations given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression () was observed between exposure time and LC50 of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Citral: 11.02++, ferulic acid: 8.35+, umbelliferone: 1.56++, azadirachtin: 11.82++, allicin: 8.52++: linear regression between and , ++: nonlinear regression.
