Host-Parasite Interaction: Parasite-Derived and -Induced Proteases That Degrade Human Extracellular Matrix

Table 1

Extracellular parasite-derived proteases that degrade human ECM proteins.

Parasite	Protease	Purified	Gene	Type	ECM Substrates				Localization	Reference
					Collagen	Fibronectin	Laminin	Elastin
Entamoeba histolytica	72 kDa protease	No	ND	ND	I	ND	ND	ND	Crude extracts EDG	[33]
	Major neutral protease (56 kDa)	Yes	ND	CP	I	Yes	Yes	ND	ND	[21]
	EhCP112	Yes	ND	CP	I	Yes	ND	ND	Secreted	[34]
	117, 97, and 68 kDa	No	ND	ND	I	ND	ND	ND	EDG	[35]
	EhCP5	Yes	Yes	CP	I	ND	ND	ND	Secreted	[36, 37]
Giardia intestinalis	66, 45, 30, and 18 kDa	No	ND	CP	I	ND	ND	ND	Crude extracts	[38]
	145, 96, and 82 kDa	No	ND	CP	I	ND	ND	ND	Secreted	[39]
Acanthamoeba spp.	70–130 kDa	No	ND	SP	ND	ND	ND	Yes	Secreted	[40]
Acanthamoeba castellanii	12 kDa	Yes	Yes	SP	I	Yes	Yes	ND	Secreted	[41]
	130 kDa	No	ND	SP	I, III	NO	NO	Yes	Secreted	[42]
	150 kDa	No	ND	MMP	I, III	NO	No	Yes	Secreted	[42]
Acanthamoeba healyi	33 kDa	Yes	ND	SP	I, IV	Yes	ND	ND	Secreted	[43]
Acanthamoeba lugdunensis	33 kDa	Yes	ND	SP	IV	Yes	Yes	ND	Secreted	[44]
Naegleria fowleri	30 kDa	Yes	ND	CP	I	ND	ND	Yes	Secreted	[45]
Trichomonas vaginalis	CP30	No	ND	CP	IV	Yes	No	ND	Cytoplasm	[46]
									Cell surface
									Secreted
	CP39	No	ND	CP	I, III, IV, V	Yes	ND	ND	Secreted	[47]
									Cytoplasm
									Cell surface
	CP65	No	ND	CP	IV	Yes	No	ND	Cytoplasm	[48]
									Cell surface
Trypanosoma brucei	40 kDa neutral metalloprotease	Yes	ND	MMP	Yes	Yes	Yes	ND	Secreted	[49]
	GP63 zinc metalloprotease	Yes	Yes	MMP	I	ND	ND	ND	Cell surface	[50, 51]
	Brucipain	Yes	Yes	CP	I	ND	ND	Yes	Lysosome	[52–55]
	Cathepsin B (tbCatB)	Yes	Yes	CP	I	ND	ND	ND	Lysosome	[54]
	POP Tb	Yes	Yes	SP	Yes	ND	ND	ND	Released into the host blood stream	[56]

CPs: cysteine proteases; SPs: serine proteases; ECM: extracellular matrix; ND: not determined; EDG: electron-dense granules; MMPs: matrix metalloproteases; POP: prolyl oligopeptidase.