Risk Factors for Asthma in a Helminth Endemic Area in Bahia, Brazil

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between asthma and helminth infections.

	Nonasthmatic; (𝑛=291)	Asthmatic; (𝑛=42)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	33%	45%	OR (95% CI)	𝑃	OR (95% CI)	𝑃
Hookworm
Negative	189(90.9%)	19 (9.1%)	1.00		1.00
Positive	90 (79.6%)	23 (20.4%)	2.54 (1.32–4.91)	0.005	1.41 (0.54–3.72)	0.486
A. lumbricoides
Negative	187 (89.0%)	23 (11.0%)	1.00		1.00
Positive	92 (82.9%)	19 (17.1%)	1.68 (0.87–3.24)	0.122	0.26 (0.07–0.94)	0.041
Intensity (epg)
0	193 (89.4%)	23 (10.6%)	1.00		1.00
1–4999	60 (88.2%)	8 (11.8%)	1.12 (0.48–2.63)	0.797	0.27 (0.07–1.12)	0.071
5000–49999	23 (67.6%)	11 (32.4%)	4.01 (1.74–9.28)	0.001	0.29 (0.05–1.83)	0.187
≥50000	3 (100%)	0	—	—	—	—
T. trichiura
Negative	173 (90.6%)	18 (9.4%)	1.00		1.00
Positive	106 (81.5%)	24 (18.5%)	2.18 (1.13–4.20)	0.020	0.95 (0.36–2.54)	0.918
Intensity (epg)
0	175 (90.7%)	18 (9.3%)	1.00		1.00
1–999	96 (80.7%)	23 (19.3%)	2.33 (1.20–4.53)	0.013	1.02 (0.38–2.74)	0.968
1000–9999	7 (87.5%)	1 (12.5%)	1.39 (1.61–11.9)	0.765	0.30 (0.01–8.03)	0.474
≥10000	1 (100%)	0	—	—	—	—
S. mansoni
Negative	113 (93.4%)	8 (6.6%)	1.00		1.00
Positive	166 (83.0%)	34 (17.0%)	2.89 (1.29–6.48)	0.010	1.44 (0.48–4.29)	0.517
Intensity (epg)
0	114 (93.4%)	8 (6.6%)	1.00		1.00
1–99	104 (86.7%)	16 (13.3%)	2.19 (0.90–5.33)	0.084	1.48 (0.45–4.84)	0.520
100–399	34 (73.9%)	12 (26.1%)	5.03 (1.90–13.3)	0.001	3.21 (0.76–13.63)	0.114
≥400	27 (81.8%)	6 (18.2%)	3.17 (1.01–9.89)	0.047	0.69 (0.10–4.82)	0.706
Any helminth
Negative	49 (94.2%)	3 (5.8%)	1.00		1.00
Positive	230 (85.5%)	39 (14.5%)	2.77 (0.82–9.33)	0.100	0.94 (0.19–4.56)	0.935

Note: Multivariate analysis adjusted by age, gender, number of stool samples analyzed, and smoking status.