Impact of Chagas Disease in Bolivian Immigrants Living in Europe and the Risk of Stigmatization
Table 2
Preventive measures and legislation of Chagas disease in Europe.
Country
Transmission risk
Vertical
Blood transfusion/tissue or organ donation
Spain
Systematic screening of pregnant women at risk only in the Valencian Community and Catalonia**
Screening of Latin Americans at risk and travellers (excluded for 6 months)*
France
No systematic screening
Screening of Latin Americans at risk and travellers (excluded for 4 months)*
Belgium
No systematic screening
Screening of Latin Americans at risk and travellers (Flemish Community) Exclusion of Latin Americans and temporarily of travellers (rest of the country)
United Kingdom
No systematic screening
Screening of Latin Americans at risk and travellers only in blood banks that dispose of the serological tests Exclusion in all other blood banks
Portugal
No systematic screening
Screening of donors at risk only in Lisbon
Italy
Systematic screening in Negrar, Bergamo, and Florence
Exclusion of donors with known Chagas disease and temporary exclusion of travellers (3 months)
Switzerland
Systematic screening in Geneva
Exclusion of donors with known Chagas disease
The Netherlands
No systematic screening
Exclusion of donors with known Chagas disease
Germany
No systematic screening
Exclusion of donors with known Chagas disease and temporary exclusion of travellers (6 months)
Austria
No systematic screening
No systematic screening
Luxembourg
No systematic screening
No systematic screening
Norway
No systematic screening
No systematic screening
Croatia
N.A.
N.A.
Denmark
N.A.
N.A.
Greece
N.A.
N.A.
Ireland
N.A.
N.A.
Romania
N.A.
N.A.
Sweden
N.A.
N.A.
National legislation, **regional legislation, N.A.: no information available.
