Developments in Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Elimination Era

Figure 1

Generalized scheme of disease identification in endemic areas and sensitivity of various diagnostic tests in different pathological condition of VL. +ve: positive; −ve: negative; BM: bone marrow; DAT: direct agglutination test; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IGRA: interferon-γ release assay; LST: leishmanin skin test; NA: not applicable; qPCR: quantitative real time PCR; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; VL: visceral leishmaniasis. Note: in the case of VL and HIV-VL coinfection, both sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests are presented.