Coinfection with Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum and Anaemia Severity among Pregnant Women in Munyenge, Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection among pregnant women in Munyenge.
Factors
Category
S. haematobium positive% ()
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
value
Age (years)
≤20
55.4 (31)
3.0 (1.3–6.8)
15.2 (1.7–138.3)
0.016
21–25
53.2 (42)
2.7 (1.2–5.9)
7.3 (1.2–44.3)
0.031
26–30
43.7 (31)
1.9 (0.8–4.1)
1.1 (0.2–6.1)
0.885
>30
29.5 (13)
REF
REF
; P value
8.48; 0.037
Gravidity
Primigravidity
63.8 (44)
2.7 (1.6–5.5)
0.2 (0.03–0.9)
0.034
Secundigravidity
45.1 (32)
1.4 (0.6–2.5)
0.1 (0.02–0.4)
0.001
Multigravidity
37.3 (41)
REF
REF
; P value
12.08; 0.002
Marital status
Single
48.4 (30)
1.1 (0.6–1.9)
NA
Married
46.3 (87)
REF
; P value
0.83; 0.773
Educational level
Primary
49.6 (61)
1.3 (0.8–2.1)
NA
NA
Secondary
44.1 (56)
REF
; P value
0.74; 0.384
Occupation
Housewife
42.3 (22)
1.3 (0.6–2.7)
2.5 (0.4–15.7)
0.333
Business
52.7 (49)
1.8 (1.1–3.7)
4.3 (0.9–21.9)
0.079
Student
60.6 (20)
2.7 (1.2–6.4)
1.6 (0.3–9.0)
0.587
Farmer
36.1 (26)
REF
REF
; P value
7.55; 0.056
Activities in the stream
Domestic contact and bathing
84.1 (106)
49.2 (22.4−107.7)
33.5 (9.7–115.9)
<0.001
Domestic contact only
8.9 (11)
REF
REF
; P value
142.16; <0.001
Frequency to the stream/day
1 to 2 times
13.1 (16)
0.14 (0.07–0.3)
2.8E − 10 ()
<0.001
3 to 4 times
52.6 (30)
REF
6.7E − 10 ()
5+ times
100 (71)
—
REF
; P value
137.09; <0.001
Malaria parasitaemia
Positive
38.8 (38)
0.6 (0.4–1.0)
0.4 (0.14–1.2)
0.098
Negative
52 (79)
REF
REF
; P value
4.17; 0.041
: Pearson Chi-square test; OR: odd ratio. OR adjusted using multivariate regression analysis.
