Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Livestock Owners and Livestock Assistants towards African Trypanosomiasis Control in The Gambia

Table 5

Sociodemographic variables and practices of livestock owners to control vectors of African animal trypanosomiasis from biting their animals in The Gambia, 2021.

(a)

Characteristics	How to control tsetse flies
	Use of chemical	Use of improved breeds	Clearing of bushes	Impossible to control tsetse	All of the above	I do not know	Total	value
Sex								0.013
Male	173 (39.5%)	9 (2.1%)	6 (1.4%)	17 (3.9%)	12 (2.7%)	133 (30.3%)	351
Female	32 (7.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	5 (1.1%)	1 (0.2%)	51 (11.6%)	89
Age								0.014
0-29	21 (4.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	2 (0.5%)	5 (1.1%)	28 (6.4%)	57
30-39	45 (10%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	40 (9.1%)	90
40-49	66 (15%)	2 (0.5%)	2 (0.5%)	4 (0.9%)	3 (0.7%)	55 (12.5%)	132
50-59	36 (8.2%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.5%)	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)	23 (5.2%)	64
60-69	27 (6.2%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	8 (1.6%)	3 (0.7%)	20 (4.6%)	60
>70	11 (2.5%)	3 (0.7%)	1 (0.2%)	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)	18 (4%)	36
Ethnic group								<0.001
Mandinka	103 (23.5%)	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	6 (1.4%)	1 (0.2%)	75 (17%)	189
Fula	50 (11.4%)	5 (1.1%)	1 (0.2%)	9 (2.1%)	12 (2.7%)	72 (16.4%)	148
Jola	10 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.5%)	3 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	14 (3.2%)	29
Wolof	39 (8.9%)	0 (0%)	3 (0.7%)	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	22 (5%)	68
Others	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	5

(b)

Characteristics	How to control tsetse flies
	Use of chemical	Use of improved breeds	Clearing of bushes	Impossible to control tsetse	All of the above	I do not know	Total	value
Education								≤0.001
Primary	27 (6.2%)	6 (1.4%)	0 (0%)	13 (3%)	12 (2.7%)	53 (12.1%)	111
Secondary	28 (6.4%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.23)	0 (0%)	18 (4.1%)	49
Tertiary	6 (1.4%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	2 (0.5%)	10
Madarasa	77 (17.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	45 (10.3%)	124
None	68 (15.5%)	1 (0.2%)	5 (1.1%)	6 (7%)	0 (7%)	66 (15%)	146
Region								≤0.001
WCR	1 (0.2%)	5 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.5%)	7 (1.6%)	0 (0%)	15
LRR	35 (8%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	34 (7.8%)	75
NBR	32 (7.3%)	0 (0%)	4 (0.9%)	4 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	36 (8.2%)	76
CRR-S	33 (7.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	22 (5%)	56
CRR-N	54 (12.3%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	10 (2.3%)	6 (1.4%)	39 (8.9%)	111
URR	51 (11.6%)	2 (05%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	53 (12.1%)	107
Occupation								≤0.001
Herdsmen	106 (24.1%)	6 (1.4%)	2 (0.5%)	13 (3%)	10 (2.3%)	83 (19%)	219
Crop farming	6 (1.4%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	3 (0%)	8 (1.8%)	19
Livestock	50 (11.4%)	1 (0.2%)	3 (0.7%)	7 (1.6%)	0 (0%)	63 (14.4%)	124
Crop and livestock farming	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.2%)	4
Others	42 (9.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	29 (6.6%)	73

; .