Exploratory Methods for the Study of Incomplete and Intersecting Shape Boundaries from Landmark Data

Figure 8

(a) Schematic diagram of a gorilla skull with anatomical landmarks for a male gorilla; (b) landmarks in polar coordinate and spline curves; (c) landmarks along with back-transformed fitted spline curves. In (b) and (c) the solid curves use standard splines, whereas the dotted use the periodic spline.

(a)

(b)

(c)