Evaluation of Four Multiple Imputation Methods for Handling Missing Binary Outcome Data in the Presence of an Interaction between a Dummy and a Continuous Variable

Table 2

Comparison of the performance of imputation methods based on the average percent bias (PB) of regression coefficients over 1000 simulations.

Variable	Method	MAR					MCAR
		10%	20%	30%	40%	50%	10%	20%	30%	40%	50%
X1 (BMIreal)	MCR	0.048	0.101	0.165	0.239	0.291	0.056	0.109	0.167	0.226	0.315
	MI	0.002	0.012	0.025	0.033	0.040	0.005	0.016	0.024	0.000	0.039
	MRF	−0.025	−0.048	−0.056	−0.077	−0.103	−0.018	−0.034	−0.052	−0.079	−0.079
	MS	−0.143	−0.246	−0.355	−0.455	−0.556	−0.138	−0.259	−0.355	−0.471	−0.552
(Betotal)	MCR	−0.020	−0.043	−0.068	−0.101	−0.117	−0.021	−0.047	−0.064	−0.089	−0.132
	MI	0.002	0.001	0.008	0.000	0.016	0.001	0.000	0.009	0.016	0.007
	MRF	−0.068	−0.129	−0.185	−0.248	−0.286	−0.063	−0.124	−0.175	−0.224	−0.279
	MS	−0.176	−0.314	−0.428	−0.533	−0.620	−0.173	−0.316	−0.437	−0.535	−0.631
(PACS4)	MCR	−0.047	−0.072	−0.103	−0.146	−0.172	−0.020	−0.032	−0.061	−0.081	−0.106
	MI	−0.006	0.008	0.012	0.016	0.022	0.001	0.009	0.010	0.016	0.016
	MRF	−0.109	−0.181	−0.258	−0.334	−0.393	−0.069	−0.132	−0.196	−0.247	−0.302
	MS	−0.235	−0.368	−0.472	−0.556	−0.622	−0.172	−0.312	−0.433	−0.527	−0.623
X4 (PSPS)	MCR	−0.041	−0.072	−0.111	−0.144	−0.190	−0.017	−0.044	−0.068	−0.093	−0.126
	MI	0.000	−0.003	0.005	−0.001	0.000	0.005	0.004	0.003	0.009	0.010
	MRF	−0.104	−0.188	−0.259	−0.335	−0.401	−0.065	−0.134	−0.196	−0.254	−0.312
	MS	−0.227	−0.375	−0.477	−0.563	−0.631	−0.175	−0.318	−0.438	−0.545	−0.633
X5 (Gender)	MCR	0.001	−0.021	−0.088	−0.129	−0.137	−0.047	−0.099	−0.161	−0.247	−0.279
	MI	0.013	0.027	0.008	0.012	0.068	−0.005	0.014	−0.027	−0.010	0.008
	MRF	−0.060	−0.109	−0.214	−0.283	−0.320	−0.093	−0.172	−0.273	−0.341	−0.408
	MS	−0.172	−0.279	−0.384	−0.479	−0.522	−0.202	−0.338	−0.458	−0.563	−0.646
(BMIreal ∗ Gender)	MCR	−0.076	−0.144	−0.228	−0.304	−0.391	−0.072	−0.136	−0.225	−0.301	−0.401
	MI	−0.002	0.000	−0.010	0.006	−0.002	0.002	0.001	−0.001	0.003	−0.003
	MRF	−0.128	−0.233	−0.345	−0.431	−0.518	−0.119	−0.231	−0.328	−0.417	−0.514
	MS	−0.236	−0.406	−0.533	−0.629	−0.716	−0.231	−0.399	−0.534	−0.631	−0.722