Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Refinement of Lanthanum and Yttrium Substituted Polycrystalline 2M Type Zirconolite Phases: Ca<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>M<sub><i>x</i></sub>ZrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (M = Y, La and <i>x</i> = 0.2)

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left" rowspan="2">Phase </td><td align="center" colspan="5">Element             </td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="center">Ca</td><td align="center">Zr</td><td align="center">Ti(1) </td><td align="center">Ti(2) </td><td align="center">Ti(3) </td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="12.3871pt" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.37755pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 -9.00955 56.4002 12.3871" width="56.4002pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z" 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descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,26.498,3.264)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z" id="g50-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,31.675,0)"><path d="M620 650H399V622C477 614 480 606 457 556C429 495 375 397 338 331C295 406 246 488 203 568C185 601 182 613 254 622V650H15V622C75 617 86 606 126 537C180 445 217 379 252 318C269 287 273 278 273 258V125C273 40 265 34 176 28V0H458V28C366 34 358 41 358 125V261C358 287 361 298 375 324C422 412 456 470 501 543C539 604 551 614 620 622V650Z" id="g190-90"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="634" vert-adv-y="634"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,40.297,3.264)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z" id="g50-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,44.915,3.264)"><path d="M117 -12C153 -12 178 12 178 50C178 84 153 110 118 110C84 110 59 84 59 50C59 12 84 -12 117 -12Z" id="g50-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="237" vert-adv-y="237"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,47.163,3.264)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,51.782,3.264)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z" id="g50-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g></svg> ZrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></td><td align="center">2.79</td><td align="center">3.47</td><td align="center">4.18</td><td align="center">5.97</td><td align="center">4.39</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="12.3871pt" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.37755pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 -9.00955 61.0646 12.3871" width="61.0646pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z" id="g190-68"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="665" vert-adv-y="665"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,9.043,0)"><path d="M433 39L423 65C413 59 399 54 387 54C370 54 352 69 352 114V299C352 352 342 392 307 422C285 440 255 449 225 449C168 437 102 399 75 379C56 365 44 353 44 339C44 315 69 296 87 296C101 296 111 303 116 319C124 349 133 371 145 385C156 397 171 404 190 404C241 404 275 364 275 291V274C253 256 180 229 120 209C65 190 39 159 39 110C39 47 88 -12 159 -12C189 -12 237 25 277 52C282 35 288 21 301 8C312 -3 333 -12 348 -12L433 39ZM275 84C256 65 221 48 195 48C164 48 124 73 124 124C124 161 146 180 185 198C206 208 254 229 275 240V84Z" id="g190-98"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="439" vert-adv-y="439"></glyph.data></g><g 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id="g50-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,49.58,3.264)"><path d="M117 -12C153 -12 178 12 178 50C178 84 153 110 118 110C84 110 59 84 59 50C59 12 84 -12 117 -12Z" id="g50-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="237" vert-adv-y="237"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,51.828,3.264)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,56.446,3.264)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z" id="g50-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g></svg> ZrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></td><td align="center">2.70</td><td align="center">3.55</td><td align="center">4.21</td><td align="center">5.94</td><td align="center">4.35</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Bond valence calculation for substituted calcium zirconium titanate ceramic phases. 

Journal of Powder Technology

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Refinement of Lanthanum and Yttrium Substituted Polycrystalline 2M Type Zirconolite Phases: Ca<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>M<sub><i>x</i></sub>ZrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (M = Y, La and <i>x</i> = 0.2) 

Table 5 | Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Refinement of Lanthanum and Yttrium Substituted Polycrystalline 2M Type Zirconolite Phases: Ca1-xMxZrTi2O7 (M = Y, La and x = 0.2) 