Review Article

sEMG Based Human Motion Intention Recognition

Table 1

Results from most recent studies for discrete-motion classification.

StudyClassification motionsFeatures selectedClassification methodsAccuracy

Babita et al. [36]Elbow flexion and extensionWavelet packet transformLinear SVM91.1%

Yang et al. [37]Fist turn downwards/upwards, Palm extension/enstrophe/ectropion/turn upwards/turn downwards, and clenchingPower spectral densityGenetic algorithm optimized SVM90.33%

Sui et al. [38]Elbow flexion/extension, wrist internal/external rotation, and fist clenching/unfoldingThe energy and variance of the wavelet packet coefficientsImproved SVM90.66%

Cai et al. [25]Elbow flexion, and shoulder flexion/abduction/internal rotation/external rotationRMS, VAR, WL, MAV, etc.One-versus-one SVM94.18%

Pan et al. [39]Thumb/index/middle/ring/litter finger bendingRelative energy coefficient of wavelet packetOne-versus-one SVM97.78%

Chen et al. [40]Elbow flexion/extension and shoulder flexion/extension/adduction/abduction,RMSTwo-step SVM

Naik et al. [41]Wrist flexion, ring-middle finger flexion, wrist flexion toward litter finger/thumb, finger and wrist flexion, finger and wrist flexion toward litter finger/thumbRMSTwin SVM84.83%

Liu et al. [42]Fist, open hand, radial/ulnar deviation, wrist flexion/extension, pronation, supination, fine pinch, key grip, ball/cylinder grasp6-order AR coefficientsMixed LDA88.74%

Dhindsa et al. [43]Five classes of knee angleIEMG, SSI, RMS, ZC, WL, WA, MNF, MF, PF, MP, SM1, 4 AR coefficientsLDA, NB, K-NN and SVM71.6% (LDA), 75.1% (NB), 87.9% (K-NN) and 92.2% (SVM)

Pancholi et al. [33]Soft/medium/hard gripping, wrist flexion/extension and hand open/closeIEMG, MAV, MMAV1, MMAV2, WAMP, RMS, WL, ZC, SSI, MNF, MDF, PKF, MFD, FMD, FMN and MFMDLDA, K-NN, QDA, SVM, RT and RF75.38-99.54%

Bian et al. [11]Preform “shoot”/“rock”/“ok”/“yeah” gesture, twist a water bottle cap, turn a key, press an automatic pencil and press a nail clipper,IEMG, SD, RMS, MPF and MFLDA, RF, NB and SVM91.67% (LDA), 87.50% (RF), 86.83% (NB), and 92.25% (SVM)

Alomari et al. [12]Wrist flexion/extension, ulnar/radial deviation, grip, open hand, pinch and catch cylindrical subject.Sample entropy, RMS, MYOP and DASDVLDA, QDA and K-NN98.56% (LDA), 93.42% (QDA) and 94.25% (K-NN)

Oleinikov et al. [27]Different hand motionsMAV, DMAV, ZC, WL, PF, MPF, etc.Three layers ANN91%

Oweis et al. [44]grasping, extension, flexion, ulna deviation and radial deviationSeventeen time and time-series domain featuresThree layers ANN96.7%

Mane et al. [35]Open palm, closed palm and wrist extensionDiscrete wavelet transformThree layers ANN93.25%

Gandolla et al. [28]Pinching, grasp an object and grasping.Three layers ANN76%

Ahsan et al. [29]Different hand motionsMAV, RMS, VAR, SD, ZC, SSC and WLThree layers ANN88.4%

Shen et al. [21]The phases of sit-to-stand motionThree back-propagation neural networks93.48%.

Park et al. [14]Tip pinch grasp, prismatic four fingers grasp, power grasp, parallel extension grasp, lateral grasp and opening a bottle with a tripod graspConvolutional neural network90%

Asai et al. [15]Thumb open/close, fingers except thumb open/closeConvolutional neural network83%

Bu et al. [45]Flexion, extension, pronation, supination, grasping and openingFive layers recurrent ANN88.4%

Orjuela et al. [46]Five wrist positions.Discrete wavelet transformAuto-encoder ANN73.41%