Research Article

Fault-Tolerant Power Electronic System for Drag Power Kites

Table 3

Relevant considered circuit simulation model parameters.

Parameter Symbol Value Comment

Design choices
Number of drivetrain groups As considered in Section 3
Number of cable pairs per drivetrain group As considered in Section 3

Rated values
Rated voltage 8 kV Same magnitude as in [5]
Rated power 5 MW Considered kite scale
Rated current of one drivetrain 78.125 A Eight drivetrain groups
Rated current of one drivetrain’s ground converterSlightly overdimensioned For the sake of safety and as no weight constraints on ground

Filter capacitances
Capacitors10 μFSame magnitude as in [5]

Parasitic resistances
Ground wire resistance 0.1 ΩEstimated
Resistance of one wire 1.1 ΩResult from model and parameters in Appendix A with
Resistance of one cable shield 8.8 ΩResult from model and parameters in Appendix A with
Tether wire resistance R5# + R6# = R11# + R12#
Tether shield resistance R8# + R9#
Resistance of parallel tether wires R7# = R13#Only one cable pair per drivetrain group
Resistance of parallel tether shields R10# One cable pair per drivetrain group
Resistance of other shields RoSix further drivetrain groups with two electrical cables each (one cable pair per drivetrain group); all shields are paralleled

Fuse ratings
Fuse trigger current Selected
Fuse timings 1 ms Selected
Selected

Kite converter control parameters
Overvoltage turn-off threshold Selected
Overvoltage re-turn-on threshold Selected
Undervoltage turn-off threshold Selected
Undervoltage re-turn-on threshold Selected
Undervoltage turn-off threshold time Slower than slowest fuse
Undervoltage turn-off threshold without time delay Selected
Imbalance-voltage turn-off threshold Selected
Imbalance-voltage re-turn-on threshold Selected
Imbalance-voltage turn-off threshold time Much slower than under-voltage turn-off threshold time

Grid converter control parameters
Undervoltage turn-off threshold Selected
Undervoltage re-turn-on threshold Do not turn on again, after undervoltage turn-off
Undervoltage turn-off threshold time Slower than kite converter
Set voltage of drivetrain group (a) Set voltage is rated voltage
Set voltage of drivetrain group (b) Set voltage is rated voltage, but with slight error simulated as slightly different set voltage
Voltage controller proportional gainRated current at 1% voltage error

UPSs
UPS voltage source U1# = U2# i.e., 90% of normal voltage

Faults
Relative fault position Consideration

Parameters for acceptance criteria
Maximum wire steady-state current Estimated requirement
Maximum shield steady-state current Estimated requirement
Maximum wire voltage in tether Estimated requirement (cf. discussion in Section 5.1), which is in accordance with in Table 7