Open-Source Satellite-Derived Solar Resource Databases Comparison and Validation for Indonesia

Table 3

Daily energy resource validation result of POWER, CLARA-A2, and SARAH-E against data retrieved from WRDC network stations.

	Number of pairs	AVG (kWh/m^2)	RMSE (kWh/m^2) and rRMSE	MBE (kWh/m^2) and rMBE	r
POWER
Brunei Airport	2658	5.00	1.20 (24.0%)	0.44 (8.7%)	0.56
Christmas Island	485	4.74	1.50 (31.6%)	1.77 (37.4%)	0.85
Changi Airport	7366	4.55	1.04 (22.8%)	0.03 (0.6%)	0.72
Bayan Lepas	8917	4.96	0.90 (18.2%)	0.19 (3.8%)	0.80
Pengkalan Chepa	8307	4.95	1.01 (20.3%)	0.34 (6.9%)	0.80
Subang	8577	4.38	0.99 (22.6%)	0.53 (12.0%)	0.70
Kuching	7059	4.17	1.06 (25.5%)	0.50 (11.9%)	0.69
Kota Kinabalu	6646	5.02	0.99 (19.7%)	0.09 (1.8%)	0.66
Bukit Kototabang	7107	4.35	0.89 (20.5%)	0.40 (9.2%)	0.73
CLARA-A2
Brunei Airport	1655	5.03	1.61 (32.1%)	0.42 (8.3%)	0.41
Christmas Island	319	4.81	1.41 (29.3%)	2.30 (47.9%)	0.84
Changi Airport	5183	4.53	1.23 (27.3%)	0.13 (2.8%)	0.72
Bayan Lepas	6969	4.95	1.30 (26.3%)	−0.20 (−4.1%)	0.65
Pengkalan Chepa	6572	4.94	1.16 (23.6%)	0.57 (11.6%)	0.78
Subang	6456	4.40	1.29 (29.4%)	−0.02 (−0.4%)	0.60
Kuching	5710	4.17	1.35 (32.4%)	0.43 (10.3%)	0.58
Kota Kinabalu	5381	5.00	1.39 (27.8%)	−0.42 (−8.5%)	0.57
Bukit Kototabang	6197	4.38	1.08 (24.6%)	0.32 (7.3%)	0.65
SARAH-E
Brunei Airport	x	x	X	x	x
Christmas Island	x	x	X	x	x
Changi Airport	2045	4.49	0.62 (13.7%)	0.26 (5.9%)	0.92
Bayan Lepas	3652	4.95	0.60 (12.1%)	0.34 (6.8%)	0.92
Pengkalan Chepa	3427	5.02	0.53 (10.6%)	0.12 (2.4%)	0.95
Subang	3154	4.44	0.74 (16.6%)	0.44 (10.0%)	0.86
Kuching	3607	4.16	1.06 (25.4%)	0.51 (12.3%)	0.70
Kota Kinabalu	3129	5.05	0.97 (19.3%)	0.19 (3.7%)	0.72
Bukit Kototabang	6010	4.39	0.70 (16.0%)	0.27 (6.2%)	0.84