Research Article
Multiobjective Optimization of a Hybrid Wind/Solar Battery Energy System in the Arctic
Table 1
Data used in the simulation program.
| | Parameter | Value |
| | Lifespan of project (Np) | 20 years | | Lifespan of PV (NPV) | 30 years | | Lifespan of WT (NWT) | 20 years | | Lifespan of lead-acid battery at 50% DOD (Nbat) [18] | 3 years | | Lifespan of Li-ion battery at 80% DOD (Nbat) [18] | 12 years | | Efficiency of WT (ηWT) | 32.75% | | Cut-in wind speed | 3.0 m/s | | Cut-out wind speed | 22.0 m/s | | Survival wind speed | 45.0 m/s | | Rated wind speed | 10.0 m/s | | Inflation rate (β) | 9% | | Interest rate (γ) | 12% | | PV panel price | 350 USD/m2 | | WT price [7] | 384 USD/m2 | | Lead-acid battery price [7] | 100 USD/kWh | | Li-ion battery price [17] | 156 USD/kWh | | WT max. area (AWTmax) | 30 m2 | | WT min. area (AWTmin) | 1 m2 | | PV max. area (APVmax) | 25 m2 | | PV min. area (APVmax) | 1 m2 | | Battery max. capacity | 20 kWh | | Battery min. capacity | 1 kWh | | Converter eff. (ηConv) | 95% | | Efficiency of PV (ηPV) | 21% | | Optimum PV tilt angle (β) | 65° | | Tromsø latitude | 69.4°N |
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