Engine performance and emission characteristics of unmodified biodiesel fueled diesel engines are highly influenced by their ignition and combustion behavior. In this study, emission and combustion characteristics were studied when the engine operated using the different blends (B10, B20, B30, and B40) and normal diesel fuel (B0) as well as when varying the compression ratio from 16.5 : 1 to 17.5 : 1 to 18.5 : 1. The change of compression ratio from 16.5 : 1 to 18.5 : 1 resulted in 27.1%, 27.29%, 26.38%, 28.48%, and 34.68% increase in cylinder pressure for the blends B0, B10, B20, B30, and B40, respectively, at 75% of rated load conditions. Higher peak heat release rate increased by 23.19%, 14.03%, 26.32%, 21.87%, and 25.53% for the blends B0, B10, B20, B30, and B40, respectively, at 75% of rated load conditions, when compression ratio was increased from16.5 : 1 to 18.5 : 1. The delay period decreased by 21.26%, CO emission reduced by 14.28%, and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:33.849998px;" id="M1" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 33.849998 15.65" width="33.849998">
	
		
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</svg> emission increased by 22.84% for B40 blends at 75% of rated load conditions, when compression ratio was increased from 16.5 : 1 to 18.5 : 1. It is concluded that Jatropha oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel engine by blending it with diesel fuel.

Rajneesh Kumar

Anoop Kumar Dixit

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Variable Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Ethyl Ester Blends at Different Compression Ratio

The objective of this work is the design of a new energy system where the energy source will be provided by solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) hybrid collectors. This system will be applied to a habitation in the region of Gharda&#xef;a in the south of Algeria. The cold water reaches the thermal storage tank and then will be heated by the hybrid collector. The hot water will be used directly as sanitary water. The electric power produced by the hybrid collector will be used to charge the battery and will be delivered to the load (electrical appliances, lamps, etc.). Two types of loads are considered: a DC load and the other alternating current. The fans located adjacent to the radiators supplied with hot water will provide warm air to the house in winter.

K. Touafek

A. Khelifa

M. Adouane

H. Haloui

Design of an Energy System Based on Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors in the South of Algeria

The design and mathematical modelling of thermal radiator panel to be used primarily to measure night sky radiation wet coated surface is presented in this paper. The panel  consists of an upper dry surface coated aluminium sheet laminated to an ethylene vinyl acetate foam backing block as an insulation. Water is sprayed onto the surface of the panel so that an evaporative cooling effect is gained in addition to the radiation effect; the surface of a panel then is wetted in order to study and measure the night sky radiation from the panel wet surface. In this case, the measuring water is circulated over the upper face of this panel during night time. Initial TRNSYS simulations for the performance of the system are presented and it is planned to use the panel as calibrated instruments for discriminating between the cooling effects of night sky radiation and evaporation.

Ahmed Y. Taha Al-Zubaydi

W. John Dartnall

Design and Modelling of Water Chilling Production System by the Combined Effects of Evaporation and Night Sky Radiation

Solar power and wind energy are used concurrently during specific periods, while at other times only the more efficient is used, and hybrid systems make this possible. When establishing a hybrid system, the extent to which these two energy sources support each other needs to be taken into account. This paper is a study of the effects of wind speed, insolation levels, and the meteorological parameters of temperature and humidity on the energy potential in Bal&#x131;kesir, in the Marmara region of Turkey. The relationship between the parameters was studied using a multiple linear regression method. Using a designed-for-purpose computer program, two different regression equations were derived, with wind speed being the dependent variable in the first and insolation levels in the second. The regression equations yielded accurate results. The computer program allowed for the rapid calculation of different acceptance rates. The results of the statistical analysis proved the reliability of the equations. An estimate of identified meteorological parameters and unknown parameters could be produced with a specified precision by using the regression analysis method. The regression equations also worked for the evaluation of energy potential.

Bedri Y&#xfc;ksel

Ergun Ate&#x15f;

Determining Bal&#x131;kesir&#x2019;s Energy Potential Using a Regression Analysis Computer Program

The use of recently developed magnetic foam glass particles for immobilization of microbial biomass was tested. The effect of the particles was illustrated at the production of biogas from sugar beet silage as the sole substrate. Lab-scale fermentation experiments were conducted using a mesophilic completely stirred tank reactor and a magnetic separator. Microscopic analysis revealed biofilm coverage of 50&#x2013;60&#x25; on the surface of the particles within 110 days. It was possible to recover 76.3&#x25; of the particles from fermentation effluent by means of a separation procedure based on magnetic forces. Comparing a particle charged reactor with a control reactor showed a small performance gain. The methane rate was increased from <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:74.362503px;" id="M1" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.362503 11.2875" width="74.362503"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> to <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:74.362503px;" id="M2" height="11.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.362503 11.4" width="74.362503"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>&#x2009;L&#x2009;L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup>&#x2009;d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> and the methane yield was increased from <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:90.6875px;" id="M3" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 90.6875 11.2875" width="90.6875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> to <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:90.6875px;" id="M4" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 90.6875 11.2875" width="90.6875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.257,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x38"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,40.35,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.102,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.137,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,82.455,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>&#x2009;L&#x2009;g<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> (volatile solids) at an organic loading rate of <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:74.362503px;" id="M5" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.362503 11.2875" width="74.362503"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x39"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.257,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,32.19,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,45.942,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.102,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,57.977,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.137,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>&#x2009;g&#x2009;L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup>&#x2009;d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> (volatile solids). Maximum methane rates of 1.42&#x2009;L&#x2009;L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> at an organic loading rate of 4.60&#x2009;g (volatile solids) L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup>&#x2009;d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> (reactor including magnetic particles) and 1.34&#x2009;L&#x2009;L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup>&#x2009;d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> at 3.73&#x2009;g&#x2009;L<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup>&#x2009;d<sup  >&#x2212;1</sup> (control reactor) were achieved. 
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of magnetic particles could be an attractive option for the optimization of biogas production.

Patrice Ramm

Carsten Jost

Elisabeth Neitmann

Ulrich Sohling

Oliver Menhorn

Karl Weinberger

Jan Mumme

Bernd Linke

Magnetic Biofilm Carriers: The Use of Novel Magnetic Foam Glass Particles in Anaerobic Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage

We reviewed 153 peer-reviewed sources to provide identification of modern supply chain management techniques and exploration of supply chain modeling, to offer decision support to managers. Ultimately, the review is intended to assist member-companies of supply chains, mainly producers, improve their current management approaches, by directing them to studies that may be suitable for direct application to their supply chains and value chains for improved efficiency and profitability. We found that information on supply chain management and modeling techniques in general is available. However, few Canadian-based published studies exist regarding a demand-driven modeling approach to value/supply chain management for wood pellet production. Only three papers were found specifically on wood pellet value chain analysis. We propose that more studies should be carried out on the value chain of wood pellet manufacturing, as well as demand-driven management and modeling approaches with improved demand forecasting methods.

Natalie M. Hughes

Chander Shahi

Reino Pulkki

A Review of the Wood Pellet Value Chain, Modern Value/Supply Chain Management Approaches, and Value/Supply Chain Models

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<p><em>Journal of Renewable Energy</em> publishes papers relating to the science and technology of renewable energy generation, distribution, storage, and management. It also covers the environmental, societal, and economic impacts of renewable energy.</p>


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Journal of Renewable Energy - Table of contents 2014

title

Journal of Renewable Energy publishes papers relating to the science and technology of renewable energy generation, distribution, storage, and management. It also covers the environmental, societal, and economic impacts of renewable energy.

Journal of Renewable Energy