Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Nanoparticle-Embedded Coatings

Table 2

Summary of optical fiber sensors based on LSPR and LMR phenomena.

Resonance phenomenon	Target	Coating	Deposition technique	Sensitivity parameters	Reference
LSPR	HF	Au NPs and silica matrix	Sol-gel	1% to 5%	[158]
LSPR	Hydrogen peroxide	Ag NPs embedded in polyvinyl(alcohol)	Dipping and sintering	10^−8 M	[159]
LSPR	Proteins	APTMS, glutaraldehyde/cysteamine + Au NPs (nanocages or nanospheres)	LbL	11 pM (nanospheres); 8 pM (nanocages)	[12]
LSPR	Anti-IgG	Amino silane + Au NPs	Silanization	0.8 nM	[160]
LSPR	Proteins	Poly(ethyleneimine)/Au NPs + poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)	LbL	—	[161]
LSPR	Blood glucose	Au NPs + glucose oxidase	LbL	Blood min. volume ~ 150 μL	[162]
LSPR	Explosive vapours	Au NPs functionalized with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, l-cysteine, and cysteamine	Silanization with APTES	<100 nM (23 ppb); LoD ~ 5–10 ppb	[30]
LSPR	DNA sequences	Au NPs functionalized with oligonucleotides	LbL	<100 nM	[163]
LSPR & LMR	Humidity	Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) + Ag NPs	LbL	~1 nm/RH%	[157]
LSPR & LMR	RI	Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) + Au NPs	LbL	4037 nm/RIU LMR 2; 1906 nm/RIU LMR 3	[164]
LMR	RI	TiO2 NPs/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)	LbL	2872.73 nm/RIU; 1987 nm/RIU	[165, 166]
LMR	Humidity	TiO2 NPs/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)	LbL	1.43 nm/RH% LMR 1; 0.97 nm/RH% LMR 2	[167]
LMR	Humidity	Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) + Ag NPs	LbL	0.455 nm/RH%	[168]
LMR	VOCs	Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/Au-Ag nanocompound + sodium dodecyl sulfate	LbL	0.131 nm/ppm for methanol	[169]