Toxicity Biosensor for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Using Immobilized Green Fluorescent Protein Expressing Escherichia coli

Table 5

Comparison between E.  coli GFP toxicity biosensor and reported SDS immobilized whole-cell bacteria biosensors.

Parameter	This study	[22]	[23]	[27]
Bacteria	E.  coli GFP	Pseudomonas  rathonis	Pseudomonas  sp.	Comamonas  testosteroni TI
Immobilization matrix	k-Carrageenan	Gel agar	Gel agar	Gel agar
Dynamic linear range (ppm)	4.0–100	1.0–200	0.04–0.90	—
Lowest detection limit (ppm)	1.7	~0.25–0.75	2.48 × 10^−4	0.25–0.5
IC50 (ppm)	22.75	—	0.16 ± 0.02	—
Response time (min)	<1.0	1.7–2.5	1.7–2.5	12–15
Reproducibility (%)	0.76	3.13	—	4.50
Repeatability (%)	0.72	—	—	—
Biosensor stability (days)	46	2-3	3–5	10