Use of a Secondary Current Sensor in Plasma during Electron-Beam Welding with Focus Scanning for Process Control

Figure 7

Results of processing the waveform of the secondary current in plasma during EBW with focus spot scanning ( kW), overfocused ( = −15 mA), oscillation frequency  Hz, and focus current modulation amplitude = 8 mA: (a) function , obtained when processing the waveform of the secondary current in plasma using the synchronous accumulation method; (b) in the phase plane.

(a)

(b)