A Review of Deep Learning Methods and Applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Table 1

Deep learning-based UAV applications grouped by learning algorithms and application fields.

Learning type	Algorithm	Tasks	Field of application	References
Supervised	CNN	Outdoor navigation	Navigation	[37–39]
		Indoor navigation		[40, 41]
		Object recognition	Generic	[42–45]
				[46–48]
		Object recognition	Agriculture	[49, 50]
		Scene classification	Generic	[51–54]
		Scene classification	Agriculture	[55, 56]
		Path planning	Search & rescue	[57, 58]
		Image registration	Localization	[59–61]
			Navigation
Unsupervised	Autoencoder	Feature extraction	Agriculture	[55]
	DBN	Feature extraction	UAV identification	[62]
Reinforcement	DQN	—	—	—
	DDPG	—	—	—
	NAF	—	—	—
	GPS	Indoor navigation	Navigation	[63]