Journal of Sensors

Research Article

The Accurate Location Estimation of Sensor Node Using Received Signal Strength Measurements in Large-Scale Farmland

Table 1

The location error of the unknown nodes.
Unknown nodeThe actual coordinateThe estimated coordinatede
1(53.86, 99.17)(53.8547, 99.5506)0.3806
2(69.16, 97.90)(69.5852, 99.1215)1.2934
3(75.52, 98.05)(75.4487, 98.0031)0.0853
4(99.95, 98.10)(100.000, 99.5281)2.0170
5(44.09, 95.62)(43.9773, 95.3976)0.2493
6(55.26, 95.75)(55.7546, 96.7408)1.1074
7(85.72, 96.36)(84.7551, 96.7051)1.0247
8(98.83, 92.95)(100.000, 94.7182)5.1739
9(68.53, 90.95)(68.5695, 91.7274)0.7784
10(61.09, 90.00)(61.4222, 90.6762)0.7534
11(3.487, 88.54)(3.4802, 88.5690)0.0297
12(43.33, 88.42)(43.3730, 88.5003)0.0911
13(58.27, 85.49)(58.4510, 85.3064)0.2573
14(60.20, 85.72)(60.2110, 85.9911)0.2714
15(24.11, 84.14)(23.9612, 83.8992)0.2831
16(15.57, 81.90)(15.5258, 81.9665)0.0798
17(33.81, 83.23)(33.8486, 83.3161)0.0944
18(82.41, 82.80)(82.9457, 82.9632)0.5600
19(93.22, 83.51)(93.7406, 83.6743)0.5459
20(32.79, 80.30)(32.8270, 80.3812)0.0893
21(62.28, 79.66)(62.3054, 78.8524)0.8080
22(83.18, 81.03)(84.0795, 81.2976)0.9385
23(35.41, 78.04)(35.4324, 78.0882)0.0531
24(0.8648, 72.71)(0.49024, 72.5603)0.4034
25(5.144, 75.69)(5.5999, 74.4384)1.3320
26(9.595, 74.75)(9.7128, 75.2122)0.4770
27(19.34, 75.44)(19.2682, 75.5018)0.0947
28(41.44, 73.14)(41.7375. 73.7226)0.6542
29(62.49, 73.86)(62.3447, 73.8030)0.1561
30(75.51, 74.24)(75.3777, 74.3627)0.1804
31(74.04, 69.28)(73.7161, 69.1931)0.3354
32(46.12, 63.93)(46.7284, 63.3070)0.8708
33(2.363, 60.74)(3.8928, 59.2709)2.1209
34(9.11, 59.40)(7.4142, 61.8907)3.0131
35(14.39, 60.60)(14.1920, 60.9937)0.4407
36(38.62, 60.98)(39.7007, 62.2139)1.6402
37(45.73, 61.81)(46.6605, 61.5310)0.9714
38(63.33, 62.40)(63.3864, 63.3427)0.9444
39(71.56, 57.77)(71.6181, 57.6157)0.1649
40(89.54, 58.25)(90.0705, 58.4220)0.5577
41(22.62, 53.68)(22.6618, 53.6019)0.0886
42(23.48, 52.86)(23.5775, 52.6722)0.2116
43(74.85, 54.33)(75.0351, 53.3995)0.9488
44(88.41, 54.81)(88.3739, 54.8210)0.0378
45(12.40, 47.08)(13.2152, 45.4160)1.8529
46(95.08, 49.76)(95.1055, 49.7480)0.0281
47(43.67, 43.66)(43.6975, 43.6567)0.0277
48(11.08, 40.75)(11.4904, 41.2254)0.6280
49(34.64, 41.86)(34.8080, 41.9797)0.2063
50(40.18, 40.64)(40.3090, 40.7335)0.1593
51(45.64, 38.46)(45.6678, 38.4831)0.0362
52(9.463, 32.32)(9.4613, 32.3286)0.0088
53(21.93, 32.58)(21.9005, 31.8288)0.7518
54(25.45, 32.42)(25.3998, 32.2357)0.1910
55(29.34, 30.94)(29.4190, 30.7071)0.2459
56(52.30, 32.53)(52.2985, 32.5291)0.0018
57(54.64, 34.67)(54.6398, 34.6697)0.0004
58(76.21, 34.76)(76.1933, 34.9197)0.1606
59(78.14, 36.73)(78.1743, 36.4429)0.2905
60(89.28, 35.65)(88.9725, 36.3353)0.7511
61(55.70, 26.30)(55.6268, 26.3550)0.0915
62(12.70, 23.22)(12.7013, 23.2090)0.0110
63(16.69, 18.81)(16.6905, 18.8049)0.0051
64(36.90, 20.83)(37.0410, 21.0094)0.2282
65(39.31, 17.90)(39.2496, 17.3705)0.5329
66(48.89, 22.03)(49.1628, 21.9024)0.3012
67(54.09, 20.77)(54.1833, 20.7222)0.1048
68(68.06, 23.37)(68.1223, 23.4265)0.0841
69(76.96, 23.41)(76.9574, 22.7212)0.6889
70(28.33, 13.38)(28.3747, 13.5905)0.2152
71(74.61, 15.48)(74.1809, 15.3804)0.4405
72(74.59, 12.55)(74.0933, 12.6250)0.5024
73(83.11, 15.65)(82.5463, 15.9939)0.6603
74(91.73, 16.16)(87.8861, 18.7707)4.6467
75(4.921, 4.963)(5.0292, 5.0758)0.1563
76(40.77, 3.638)(40.3915, 3.1550)0.6136
77(40.95, 0.034)(41.4568, 0.60965)0.7669
78(80.51, 6.722)(83.2856, 3.8003)4.0300
79(85.69, 4.339)(85.1608, 5.6823)1.4438
80(82.24, 2.515)(80.5633, 3.4959)1.9425