Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System

Table 1

Basic monitoring and control parameters in the aeroponic system [23, 80–83].

No.	Parameters	Common value	Instruments
1	Nutrient atomization	Mist/spray/aerosol/droplet size at high pressure from 10 to 100, low pressure from 5 to 50, and ultrasonic foggers from 5 to 25 microns, respectively	Atomization nozzle (high and low pressure, atomization foggers)
2	Growing medium	Plant holder	Any artificial root supporting structure
3	Desirable pH of the nutrient solution	The pH value depends on the cultivar (onion 6.0–7.0, cucumber 5.8–6.0, carrot 5.8–6.4, spinach 5.5–6.6, lettuce 5.5–6.5, tomato 5.5–6.5, and potato 5.0–6.0)	pH measuring device
4	Desirable EC of the nutrient solution	The EC value depends on the cultivar (onion 1.4–1.8, cucumber 1.7–2.2, carrot 1.6–2.0, spinach 1.8–2.3, lettuce 0.8–1.2, tomato 2.0–5.0, and potato 2.0–2.5 ds·m^−1)	EC measuring device
5	Humidity	Provide 100% available moisture	Humidity measuring device
6	Temperature	Optimum 15°C–25°C and should not increase to 30°C and less than 4°C	Temperature measuring device
7	The light inside the box	The light inside the growth box must be dark enough	Cover the growth chamber with locally available material
8	Atomization time	Depends on the cultivar growth stage	Manually operating the system with timer
9	Atomization interval time	Depends on the cultivar growth stage	Manually operating the system with timer