Review Article

Biometric-Based Attendance Tracking System for Education Sectors: A Literature Survey on Hardware Requirements

Table 4

A comparison of the performance of optical, solid state, and ultrasound sensors.

Performances/characteristicsOpticalSolid stateUltrasound

Image capability2D optical image2D imageDetailed rich 3D fingerprint map
SpeedFastFastSlightly slower
Power consumptionHighLowHigh
SecurityLess secure (prone to spoof, except FTIR-based)High (3D antispoofing measures)More secure (difficult to spoof)
SizeLarge (FTIR-based)SmallBulky
Smartphone integrationHard to integrate due to miniaturization limitation (FTIR-based)Miniature size to integrate with smartphone easilyRarely used in smartphone
Cost$10-$80 (based on the sensor of fingerprint scanner listed in Table 3)$29 (based on the sensor of fingerprint scanner listed in Table 3)High