A Hybrid Time-Frequency Analysis Method for Railway Rolling-Element Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Table 2

SP values of IMFs obtained using VMD.

Mode	IMF1	IMF2	IMF3	IMF4	IMF5	IMF6	IMF7	IMF8
SP	0.1017	0.0544	0	0.4228	0.2076	0.0227	0.0785	0.0480