Neuroprosthesis Devices Based on Micro- and Nanosensors: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Number and references of the articles selected for the 2010-June 2020 period.

Type of NP (number of articles)	Implantable sensors/electrodes	Micro- and nanotechnologies	Manufacturing materials
Implantable motor neuroprosthesis (18)	7/18; [5, 28–33]		2/18; [5, 31]
Cochlear implant (15)	6/15; [34–39]	4/15; [40–43]	2/15; [41, 44]
Retinal prosthesis (13)	9/13; [39, 45–51]		3/13; [39, 46, 52]
Deep brain stimulator (31)	10/31; [53–62]	9/31; [63–71]	6/31; [59, 72–76]
Cardiac pacemaker (16)	4/16; [77–80]	1/16; [81]	9/16; [78, 82–89]
Bladder implant (6)	3/6; [90–92]	2/6; [93, 94]	1/6; [95]
Nonspecific applications (54)	13/54; [96–108]	24/54; [42, 63, 65, 67–70, 75, 93, 106, 109–122]	11/54; [3, 55, 59, 66, 72–74, 76, 118, 123, 125]
153/364	52/153	40/153	34/153